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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 6.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2020 May 30;258:113092. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113092

Table 1.

Characteristics of participants who experienced enacted stigma over twelve months and those not reporting any enacted stigma experiences during that time period.

Did Not Experience Stigma N = 121 Experienced Stigma N = 109

Characteristic N % N % X2
Gender
 Male 84 69 73 67
 Female 37 31 36 33 0.15
Transgender 4 3 6 6
Sexual orientation
 Gay 34 28 40 37
 Bisexual 9 7 14 13
 Heterosexual 78 65 53 50 5.50+
Race
 White 13 11 17 16
 African American 103 85 88 81
 Other 5 4 4 4 3.27
Education level
 Less than High-School 39 32 43 39
 High-School or equivalence 48 40 41 38
 More than High-school 34 28 25 23 6.21
Context of testing HIV positive
 Rural setting in current state 66 55 53 49
 Urban setting in current state 37 31 45 41
 Out of current state 18 14 11 10
Was prescribed ART at baseline 82 68 75 69 0.20
Viral load at baseline
 Undetectable 47 42 45 45
 Detectable 66 58 55 55 0.20

M SD M SD F

Age 44.4 11.9 40.4 12.0 6.4*
Years since HIV diagnosis 13.3 9.0 10.1 7.9 7.9**
Baseline enacted stigma 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 41.6**
Baseline anticipated stigma 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 14.2**
Baseline ART adherence 75.5 26.0 68.9 30.2 2.6
Baseline Stress Score 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.5 11.8**
Number of alcohol drinks / day 4.5 15.4 1.8 6.6 2.3
Baseline Depression 17.9 8.8 25.1 10.2 32.0**

Note:

*

p < .05

**

p < .01

+

p < .10