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. 2021 Nov 5;18:256. doi: 10.1186/s12974-021-02312-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — PBM suppressed the upregulation of Lcn2 and the activation of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway after SCI. A, B Upregulated (1379) and downregulated (168) genes in the sham group and the SCI group at 1 dpi. The heatmap indicates that Lcn2 was one of the highly upregulated genes. C The relative mRNA expression of Lcn2 is presented as the fold change in each group after SCI in comparison to the expression in the sham control group (n = 5 rats per group). Statistical comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. D Representative images of immunofluorescence staining for GFAP (green), Lcn2 (red) and DAPI (blue) taken from the lesion area 150 μm from the epicenter in the SCI + vehicle group and the SCI + PBM group at 1 dpi, 3 dpi, 7 dpi, 14 dpi and 28 dpi. e. Representative blots showing the expression levels of JAK2, pJAK2, STAT3, pSTAT3 and Lcn2 in each group at 1 dpi, 3 dpi, 7 dpi, 14 dpi and 28 dpi. Quantification of the relative expression of Lcn2, pJAK2/JAK2 and pSTAT3/STAT3 (n = 6 rats per group at each time point). Statistical comparisons were performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. Scale bar: 200 μm. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01