Fig. 5.

Carnosine treatment dose-dependently increases carnosine and carnosine-propanal in chronic EAE. UPLC-ESI–MS/MS-based quantification of spinal cord and plasma a, c carnosine and b, d carnosine-propanal in healthy controls, untreated EAE animals (0%) and following treatment with different doses of carnosine in drinking water (0.3%, 1.5%, 3%) in EAE. In figure d, carnosine-propanal was not detected in 7/7 control mice, 5/8 untreated EAE mice, and 1/8 mice receiving 0.3% carnosine. n = 7–11 animals/group. Carnosine-propanal values (~ 0.0015 nmol/mgWW) were transformed (× 10³) to facilitate visualisation on the Y axis. Data are mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis, post hoc testing *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 between the indicated groups