Table 2.

Differences in student’s degree of approval among different groups during COVID-19

	Total				First stage (grades 1 to 3)				Second stage (grades 4 to 6)
	Mean	Sd	t	d	Mean	Sd	t	d	Mean	Sd	t	d
Boy (0)	4.50	0.46	− 3.58***	0.02	4.51	0.46	− 2.24*	0.02	4.49	0.46	− 2.82**	0.02
Girl (1)	4.51	0.46			4.52	0.46			4.50	0.46
Rural school (0)	4.51	0.46	0.46		4.51	0.46	− 0.94		4.51	0.46	1.79
Unban school (1)	4.51	0.46			4.52	0.46			4.50	0.46
Learning in rural areas (0)	4.50	0.45	− 1.21		4.51	0.45	− 2.30*	0.02	4.50	0.45	0.76
Learning in urban areas (1)	4.51	0.46			4.52	0.46			4.50	0.46
Low SES (0)	4.50	0.45	− 4.72***	0.05	4.50	0.46	− 6.39**	0.05	4.50	0.45	0.36
High SES (1)	4.51	0.46			4.53	0.46			4.50	0.46
Low previous achievement (0)	4.47	0.46	− 47.80***	0.30	4.47	0.46	− 39.0***	0.30	4.47	0.46	− 26.9***	0.25
High previous achievement (1)	4.59	0.44			4.60	0.44			4.58	0.44

Number of first-stage sample = 73,343, Number of second-stage sample = 59,397

d Cohen’s d value, SES socioeconomic status

*p < 0.05

**p < 0.01

***p < 0.001 (two-tailed)