Table 2.
Risk Factors Associated with VF by Dividing Blip or pLLV into Different Groups
| Variable | Unadjusted HR | Adjusted HR | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| <30 | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | ||
| 30–50 | 1.21(0.86–1.71) | 0.269 | 0.935(0.65–1.34) | 0.714 |
| >50 | 1.34(0.88–2.04) | 0.173 | 0.82(0.50–1.33) | 0.414 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | ||
| Female | 0.75(0.51–1.12) | 0.165 | 1.23(0.78–1.94) | 0.368 |
| HIV transmission route | ||||
| Homosexual | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | ||
| Heterosexual | 1.56(1.15–2.11) | 0.004 | 1.38(0.98–1.94) | 0.066 |
| Intravenous drug users | 3.50(2.12–5.78) | <0.001 | 2.21(1.29–3.79) | 0.004 |
| Former plasma donors | 5.09(2.40–10.83) | <0.001 | 4.82(2.35–10.39) | <0.001 |
| Other | 1.51(1.04–2.20) | 0.030 | 1.35(0.91–2.01) | 0.135 |
| Marital | ||||
| Unmarried | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | ||
| Married | 1.32(1.03–1.68) | 0.027 | 1.02(0.75–1.38) | 0.890 |
| Widowed | 0.79(0.43–1.45) | 0.442 | 0.65(0.35–1.22) | 0.179 |
| Divorced | 0.63(0.09–4.47) | 0.641 | 0.56(0.08–4.17) | 0.574 |
| CD4 cell count at baseline(cells/ul) | ||||
| <50 | 3.21(2.25–4.57) | <0.001 | 2.12(1.45–3.09) | <0.001 |
| 50–199 | 2.57(1.85–3.56) | <0.001 | 2.07(1.49–2.89) | <0.001 |
| 200–349 | 1.24(0.88–1.74) | 0.226 | 1.11(0.79–1.57) | 0.534 |
| ≥350 | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | ||
| HIV-1 RNA load at baseline (copies/mL) | ||||
| ≤100,000 | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | ||
| >100,000 | 2.15(1.59–2.91) | <0.001 | 1.65(1.21–2.26) | 0.002 |
| Unknown | 1.86(1.42–2.43) | <0.001 | 1.63(1.20–2.06) | 0.001 |
| HBV infection | ||||
| No | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | ||
| Yes | 0.79(0.35–1.79) | 0.578 | 0.75(0.33–1.70) | 0.494 |
| Unknown | 1.22(0.97–1.54) | 0.090 | 1.30(0.96–1.75) | 0.087 |
| HCV infection | ||||
| No | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | ||
| Yes | 0.58(0.18–1.81) | 0.345 | 0.52(0.17–1.64) | 0.264 |
| Unknown | 1.14(0.91–1.43) | 0.249 | 0.87(0.65–1.17) | 0.366 |
| ART | ||||
| 2NRTIs+1NNRTI | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | ||
| 2NRTIs+1PI | 1.51(0.81–2.84) | 0.199 | 1.25(0.66–2.39) | 0.174 |
| Blip | ||||
| No blip | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | ||
| Blip50–200 | 0.80(0.42–1.50) | 0.487 | 0.73(0.39–1.39) | 0.341 |
| Blip201–400 | 1.23(0.31–4.95) | 0.769 | 1.41(0.35–5.69) | 0.629 |
| Blip401–999 | 0.96(0.14–6.84) | 0.967 | 0.97(0.13–6.91) | 0.972 |
| pLLV | ||||
| No pLLV | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | ||
| pLLV 50–200 | 5.38(2.77–10.46) | <0.001 | 4.12(2.16–7.84) | <0.001 |
| pLLV 201–400 | 7.54(3.35–16.98) | <0.001 | 4.96(2.17–11.32) | <0.001 |
| pLLV 401–999 | 15.78(9.78–25.46) | <0.001 | 15.03(9.42–23.98) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: Unadjusted HR, unadjusted hazard ratio; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; CI, confidence intervals; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; Blip, intermittent low-level viremia; pLLV, persistent low-level viremia.