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. 2021 Oct 21;14:767219. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.767219

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Copyright © 2021 Amari and Germain.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Model for the roles and mechanisms of secretion of mitochondrial EVs. Under basal conditions, MDVs are required to package mitochondrial components into mitochondrial EVs, which serve to increase OXPHOS in recipient cells. In this setting, oxidized mitochondrial components are not released into EVs but rather sent to lysosomes for degradation through a different type of MDV (Parkin-dependent). On the other hand, pro-inflammatory stimuli like LPS cause the release of free mitochondria or mitochondria packaged within microvesicles that further stimulate inflammation.