Table 3-.

Multivariable linear regression analyses for the association^a of the Healthy Eating Index with gut metabolites^b

Metabolite	β	SE	R2	P-valuec
diglycerol	−0.048	0.012	0.197	0.0001
oleoyl-oleoyl-glycerol (18:1/18:1)	0.087	0.022	0.256	0.0002
2-hydroxystearate	−0.051	0.014	0.175	0.0003
mead acid (20:3n9)	−0.078	0.021	0.216	0.0004
behenoylcarnitine (C22)	−0.043	0.013	0.176	0.0014
oleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:1/18:2)	0.060	0.018	0.212	0.0016
dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6)	−0.029	0.009	0.180	0.0021
arachidoylcarnitine (C20)	−0.045	0.015	0.190	0.0029
N-palmitoylglycine	−0.038	0.012	0.224	0.0031
carnosine	−0.060	0.020	0.198	0.0032
2-hydroxydecanoate	0.019	0.006	0.164	0.0037
arachidonate (20:4n6)	−0.029	0.010	0.163	0.0048
linoleoyl-linolenoyl-glycerol (18:2/18:3)	0.055	0.019	0.213	0.0050
dimethylmalonic acid	−0.016	0.006	0.127	0.0051
linoleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:2/18:2)	0.050	0.017	0.215	0.0053
13-methylmyristate	−0.027	0.009	0.142	0.0055
secoisolariciresinol	0.037	0.013	0.115	0.0070
histamine	−0.070	0.025	0.154	0.0073
docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6)	−0.051	0.019	0.120	0.0082
2-hydroxypalmitate	−0.047	0.018	0.117	0.0090
palmitoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (16:0/18:2)	0.043	0.016	0.228	0.0096
palmitoyl-oleoyl-glycerol (16:0/18:1)	0.036	0.014	0.174	0.0104
nonadecanoate (19:0)	−0.025	0.009	0.095	0.0106
1-oleoylglycerol (18:1)	0.041	0.016	0.121	0.0125
cinnamate	0.023	0.009	0.143	0.0148
2-hydroxy-3-methylvalerate	−0.032	0.013	0.143	0.0151
4-hydroxycinnamate	0.039	0.016	0.102	0.0155
docosahexaenoate (DHA; 22:6n3)	−0.031	0.013	0.096	0.0166
margarate (17:0)	−0.029	0.012	0.096	0.0171
diacylglycerol (16:1/18:2, 16:0/18:3)	0.032	0.013	0.243	0.0172
eicosenoylcarnitine (C20:1)	−0.024	0.010	0.244	0.0181
3-hydroxyphenylacetate	0.035	0.015	0.282	0.0185
thymidine 5'-monophosphate	−0.016	0.006	0.186	0.0187
oleate/vaccenate (18:1)	0.016	0.007	0.160	0.0195
alpha-hydroxyisovalerate	−0.028	0.012	0.145	0.0204
delta-tocopherol	−0.016	0.007	0.134	0.0204
2-hydroxymyristate	−0.046	0.020	0.109	0.0211
2-piperidinone	−0.031	0.013	0.182	0.0211
glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate	−0.032	0.014	0.108	0.0220
1,11-undecanedicarboxylate	0.016	0.007	0.084	0.0226
glycerol	0.025	0.011	0.105	0.0271
glycine	−0.017	0.007	0.116	0.0274
10-hydroxystearate	0.025	0.011	0.145	0.0277
oleoyl-linolenoyl-glycerol (18:1/18:3)	0.048	0.021	0.143	0.0278
glycylisoleucine	−0.014	0.006	0.108	0.0278
1-linoleoyl-2-linolenoyl-GPC (18:2/18:3)	0.030	0.013	0.072	0.0279
docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3)	−0.033	0.015	0.128	0.0281
epiandrosterone suliate	0.038	0.017	0.072	0.0305
palmitoyl-linolenoyl-glycerol (16:0/18:3)	0.037	0.017	0.237	0.0306
N-butyroyl-sphingosine (d18:1/4:0)	−0.036	0.016	0.187	0.0307
15-methylpalmitate	−0.029	0.013	0.077	0.0309
gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine	−0.029	0.013	0.172	0.0315
alanine	−0.011	0.005	0.107	0.0329
eicosapentaenoate (EPA; 20:5n3)	−0.028	0.013	0.100	0.0333
methionine	−0.012	0.005	0.083	0.0353
3-hydroxyphenylacetate suliate	0.022	0.010	0.126	0.0359
alpha-hydroxyisocaproate	−0.024	0.011	0.113	0.0362
17-methylstearate	−0.021	0.010	0.070	0.0367
cysteine s-sulfate	−0.020	0.009	0.189	0.0369
alpha-CEHC suliate	0.027	0.013	0.089	0.0385
N-acetyltryptophan	−0.011	0.005	0.170	0.0391
N-stearoyl-sphingosine (d18:1/18:0)	−0.027	0.013	0.168	0.0392
phenethylamine	0.025	0.012	0.135	0.0393
ceramide (d18:2/24:1, d18:1/24:2)	−0.027	0.013	0.103	0.0407
palmitoleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (16:1/18:2)	0.025	0.012	0.145	0.0414
linoleate (18:2n6)	0.020	0.010	0.143	0.0419
C-glycosyltryptophan	−0.019	0.009	0.085	0.0424
ceramide (d18:1/20:0, d16:1/22:0, d20:1/18:0)	−0.025	0.012	0.115	0.0427
pentadecanoate (15:0)	−0.024	0.012	0.065	0.0431
tryptamine	0.041	0.020	0.070	0.0435
N-methylalanine	−0.017	0.008	0.100	0.0446
xanthine	−0.016	0.008	0.210	0.0469
nicotinate ribonucleoside	−0.023	0.011	0.061	0.0473

^aAdjusted for age (years), sex, body mass index at blood draw (in kg/m²)

^bMetabolites were log-transformed. The reported results belong to 73 significant associations out of 767 metabolites that were tested.

^cAll associations with a nominal p<0.05 are shown. No metabolite was significant after correction for multiple comparisons (using the False Discovery Rate method).

Abbreviations: SE=Standard Error