Fig. 5.

Effects of PPPH (2.5 mg/ml) on glucose uptake individually, or in combination with insulin (1 nM), in trans-differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. Responsiveness of adipocyte cells was assessed via incubation with either apigenin (50 μfM), insulin (1 nM or 100 nM) (a). Adipocyte cells were further incubated with either Con/Con-SGID (b), Alc/Alc-SGID (c), AF/AF-SGID (d), Brom/Brom-SGID (e) or Prom/Prom-SGID (f) using fixed concentration of hydrolysate (2.5 mg/ml) for 1 h with 3 mM fluorescent glucose (2-NBDG). Values are mean ± SEM (n = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared to respective glucose control. Con: aqueous/alkaline control, AF: Alcalase/Flavourzyme, Alc: Alcalase, Brom: bromelain, Prom: Promod