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. 2021 Nov 6;7:337. doi: 10.1038/s41420-021-00729-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a The co-localization of cytoplasmic HMGB1, RAGE, endosome markers (EEA1, Rab5, Rab7) and lysosomal marker Lamp1. b The interaction between HMGB1 and RAGE was measured through Co-IP (co-immunoprecipitation). c The effect of FPS-ZM1 on the nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1. (**) P < 0.01 versus control group; (^&&) P < 0.01 versus control group; (^##) P < 0.01 versus control group. The protein levels were normalized to GAPDH and Histone 3.1. d The protein levels of HMGB1 and RAGE within EVs. (**) P < 0.01 versus LPS group. (^&&) P < 0.01 versus LPS group. The results shown are representative of three independent experiments.