Macrophages play an important role in the occurrence and development of sJIA. In the active stage of sJIA, M1 activation promotes inflammation, while M2a rapidly acts to suppress inflammation.

In the inactive stage, M2b and M2c play a major role in inhibiting inflammation.

Different macrophage subtypes are related to cytokines such as IL-6, IL-10, IL-4, and IL-17, and both of them participate in the development and remission of sJIA.