Table 1.
Methamphetamine use severity by participant characteristics (N = 428)
| Methamphetamine use severity | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Low (n=97) |
Moderate (n=293) |
High (n=37) |
||||||
| N | %a | n | %b | n | %b | n | %b | p | |
| Sex at birth | 0.40 | ||||||||
| Male | 414 | 96.7 | 93 | 22.5 | 285 | 68.8 | 35 | 8.5 | |
| Female | 14 | 3.3 | 4 | 28.6 | 8 | 57.1 | 2 | 14.3 | |
| Education | 0.16 | ||||||||
| Less than high-school | 376 | 87.9 | 88 | 20.6 | 258 | 60.3 | 29 | 6.8 | |
| High-school or more | 52 | 12.1 | 9 | 17.3 | 35 | 67.3 | 8 | 15.4 | |
| Marital status | 0.19 | ||||||||
| Not married | 168 | 39.3 | 32 | 19.0 | 124 | 73.8 | 12 | 7.1 | |
| Married | 259 | 60.7 | 64 | 24.7 | 169 | 65.3 | 25 | 9.7 | |
| Ever treated for heroin | 0.70 | ||||||||
| No | 24 | 5.9 | 7 | 29.2 | 15 | 62.5 | 2 | 8.3 | |
| Yes | 383 | 94.1 | 85 | 22.3 | 263 | 68.9 | 34 | 8.9 | |
| Clinic | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Dong Da | 81 | 19.0 | 19 | 23.5 | 56 | 69.1 | 6 | 7.4 | |
| Hai Ba Trung | 79 | 18.3 | 40 | 51.3 | 35 | 44.9 | 3 | 3.9 | |
| Nam Tu Liem | 89 | 20.8 | 15 | 16.9 | 67 | 75.3 | 7 | 7.9 | |
| Tay Ho | 99 | 23.2 | 9 | 9.1 | 73 | 73.7 | 17 | 17.2 | |
| Hoang Mai | 80 | 18.7 | 14 | 17.5 | 62 | 77.5 | 4 | 5.0 | |
| Insurance status | 0.64 | ||||||||
| No | 191 | 45.3 | 47 | 24.6 | 126 | 66.0 | 18 | 9.4 | |
| Yes | 232 | 54.7 | 50 | 21.6 | 163 | 70.3 | 19 | 8.2 | |
| Income | 0.23 | ||||||||
| <3 million VND | 101 | 23.8 | 24 | 23.8 | 71 | 70.3 | 6 | 5.9 | |
| 3 – 5 million VND | 113 | 26.6 | 32 | 28.3 | 70 | 62.0 | 11 | 9.7 | |
| >5 million VND | 211 | 49.7 | 39 | 18.5 | 152 | 72.0 | 20 | 9.5 | |
| Paid employment | 0.67 | ||||||||
| No | 88 | 20.8 | 24 | 27.3 | 56 | 63.6 | 8 | 9.1 | |
| Yes | 194 | 45.8 | 43 | 22.2 | 136 | 70.1 | 15 | 7.7 | |
| Sometimes | 142 | 33.5 | 28 | 19.7 | 100 | 70.4 | 14 | 9.9 | |
| Injected heroin (past 3 months) | <0.01 | ||||||||
| No | 313 | 73.3 | 84 | 26.9 | 213 | 68.3 | 15 | 4.8 | |
| Yes | 114 | 26.7 | 12 | 10.5 | 80 | 70.2 | 22 | 19.3 | |
| Injected methamphetamine (ever) | 0.35 | ||||||||
| No | 321 | 93.6 | 58 | 18.1 | 234 | 72.9 | 29 | 9.0 | |
| Yes | 22 | 6.4 | 4 | 18.2 | 14 | 63.6 | 4 | 18.2 | |
| Alcohol use (past 30 days) | 0.29 | ||||||||
| No | 228 | 53.5 | 55 | 24.1 | 158 | 69.3 | 15 | 6.6 | |
| Yes | 198 | 46.5 | 42 | 21.2 | 135 | 68.2 | 21 | 10.6 | |
| Positive heroin urine test (past 12 months) | 0.02 | ||||||||
| No | 243 | 57.2 | 62 | 25.5 | 167 | 68.7 | 14 | 5.8 | |
| Yes | 183 | 42.8 | 34 | 18.7 | 125 | 68.7 | 23 | 12.6 | |
| Depression symptoms (PHQ2 ≥ 3) | 0.30 | ||||||||
| No | 374 | 87.8 | 88 | 23.5 | 256 | 68.5 | 30 | 8.0 | |
| Yes | 52 | 12.2 | 9 | 17.7 | 35 | 68.6 | 7 | 13.7 | |
| HIV test (past 12 months in HIV-negative only) | 0.02 | ||||||||
| No | 98 | 25.2 | 12 | 12.2 | 72 | 73.5 | 14 | 14.3 | |
| Yes | 291 | 74.8 | 68 | 23.4 | 201 | 69.1 | 22 | 7.6 | |
| HIV serostatus | 0.03 | ||||||||
| Negative | 349 | 85.3 | 82 | 23.6 | 238 | 68.4 | 28 | 8.1 | |
| Positive | 60 | 14.7 | 6 | 10.0 | 46 | 76.7 | 8 | 13.3 | |
| Ever did not take MMT for 5 days | 0.16 | ||||||||
| No | 390 | 92.0 | 92 | 23.7 | 265 | 68.1 | 32 | 8.2 | |
| Yes | 34 | 8.0 | 4 | 11.8 | 25 | 73.5 | 5 | 14.7 | |
| Age | 39 | 34, 44 | 41 | 37, 47 | 38 | 34, 44 | 37 | 33, 42 | <0.01 |
| Years in MMT | 2 | 1, 3 | 3 | 1, 4 | 2 | 1, 3 | 1 | 1, 2 | <0.01 |
| Years of heroin use | 12 | 8, 17 | 10 | 7, 15 | 12 | 8, 17 | 15 | 10, 18 | <0.01 |
| Years of methamphetamine use | 6 | 3, 9 | 5 | 2, 8 | 6 | 3, 9 | 7 | 3, 10 | 0.06 |
| Number of days alcohol use (past 30 days) | 10 | 3, 30 | 10 | 3, 28 | 10 | 3, 30 | 6 | 3, 20 | 0.74 |
| Number of days heroin use (past 30 days) | 5 | 2, 15 | 2 | 1, 7 | 5 | 2, 15 | 15 | 7, 30 | <0.01 |
| MMT Related Stigma | 25 | 21, 29 | 25 | 21, 28 | 25 | 22, 29 | 24 | 19, 30 | 0.53 |
| DASE-negative affect | 15 | 10, 20 | 20 | 13, 20 | 15 | 10, 20 | 9 | 5, 15 | <0.01 |
| DASE-social | 15 | 10, 20 | 18 | 13, 20 | 14 | 10, 20 | 9 | 6, 12 | <0.01 |
| DASE-physical | 18 | 13, 21 | 20 | 15, 22 | 18 | 13, 21 | 15 | 8, 18 | <0.01 |
| DASE-cravings | 16 | 12, 20 | 19 | 14, 20 | 16 | 12, 20 | 11 | 9, 14 | <0.01 |
| ACSA-anxiety | 1 | 0, 4 | 0 | 0, 2 | 2 | 0, 4 | 4 | 2, 9 | <0.01 |
| ACSA-fatigue | 2 | 0, 4 | 1 | 0, 3 | 2 | 1, 4 | 5 | 3, 7 | <0.01 |
| ACSA-craving | 0 | 0, 0 | 0 | 0, 0 | 0 | 0, 0 | 2 | 0, 4 | <0.01 |
| MMT dose | 70 | 50, 100 | 70 | 45, 90 | 65 | 50, 100 | 80 | 50, 110 | 0.25 |
| Total # of days missed MMT in 2017 | 1 | 0, 4 | 1 | 0, 3 | 1 | 0, 4 | 1 | 0, 4.5 | 0.67 |
Note: Mn=Median, Q1=25th quartile, Q3=75th quartile