Reference for primary study

Acarturk C, Konuk E, Cetinkaya M, Senay I, Sijbrandij M, Cuijpers P, et al. EMDR for Syrian refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: results of a pilot randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2015;6:1‐9.

Acarturk C, Konuk E, Cetinkaya M, Senay I, Sijbrandij M, Gulen B, et al. The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for post‐traumatic stress disorder and depression among Syrian refugees: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine 2006;46:2583‐593.

Adenauer H, Catani C, Gola H, Keil J, Ruf M, Schauer M, et al. Narrative exposure therapy for PTSD increases top‐down processing of aversive stimuli—evidence from a randomized controlled treatment trial. BMC Neuroscience 2011;12:127.

Adhikari P. The plight of the forgotten ones: civil war and forced migration. International Studies Quarterly 2012;56:590‐606.

Admirand P. The ethics of displacement and migration in the Abrahamic faiths: enlightening believers and aiding public policy. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 2014;40:671‐87.

Ager A, Akesson B, Stark L, Flouri E, Okot B. The impact of the schoolbased psychosocial structured activities (PSSA) program on conflict‐affected children in Northern Uganda. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2011;52:1124–33.

Ager A. Tensions in the psychosocial discourse: implications for the planning of interventions with war‐affected populations. Development in Practice 1997;7(4):402–7.

Agier M. Between war and city. Towards an urban anthropology of refugee camps. Ethnography 2002;3:317‐41.

Akhtar P. Project report: therapeutic effects of music on torture survivors and refugees. Torture 1994;4:121‐23.

Allden K, Jones L, Weissbecker I, Wessells M, Bolton P, Betancourt TS, et al. A. Mental health and psychosocial support in crisis and conflict: report of the mental health working group. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 2009;24:s217‐27.

Almakhamreh S, Hundt GL. An examination of social work interventions for use with displaced Iraqi households in Jordan. European Journal of Social Work 2012;15:377‐91.

Arcel LT, Popovic S, Kucukalic A, Bravo‐Mehmedbasic A, Ljubotina D, Pusina J, et al. The impact of short‐term treatment on torture survivors: the change in PTSD, other psychological symptoms and coping mechanisms after treatment. In: Arcel, LT, Popovic S, Kacukalic A, Bravo‐Mehmedbasic A. (Eds.). Treatment of torture and trauma survivors in a post‐war society. Association of Rehabilitation and Torture Victims 2003; Centre for Torture Victims (CTV), Sarajevo:135‐57.

Arntz A, Sofi D, Van Breukelen G. Imagery rescripting as treatment for complicated PTSD in refugees: a multiple baseline case series study. Behaviour Research & Therapy 2013;51:274–83.

Atlas M. Experiencing displacement: using art therapy to address xenophobia in South Africa. Development 2009;52:531‐6.

Bader F, Sinha R, Leigh J, Goyal N, Andrews A, Valeeva N, et al. Psychosocial health in displaced Iraqi care‐seekers in non‐governmental organization clinics in Amman, Jordan: An unmet need. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 2009;24:312‐20.

Badri A, den Borne HW, Crutzen R. Experiences and psychosocial adjustment of Darfuri female students affected by war: An exploratory study. International Journal of Psychology 2013;48:944‐53.

Baker F, Jones C. The effect of music therapy services on classroom behaviours of newly arrived refugee students in Australia – a pilot study. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties 2006;11:249‐60.

Barrett PM, Moore AF, Sonderegger R. The FRIENDS program for young former‐Yugoslavian refugees in Australia: A pilot study. Behaviour Change 2000;17(3):124‐33.

Barrett PM, Sonderegger R, Xenos S. Using FRIENDS to combat anxiety and adjustment problems among young migrants to Australia: A national trial. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2003;8:241–60.

Başoğlu M, Ekblad S, Bäärnhielm S, Livanou M. Cognitive‐behavioral treatment of tortured asylum seekers: a case study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2004;18(3):357‐69.

Beehler S, Birman D, Campbell R. The effectiveness of cultural adjustment and trauma services (CATS): Generating practice‐based evidence on a comprehensive, school‐based mental health intervention for immigrant youth. American Journal of Community Psychology 2012;50(1‐2):155–68.

Betancourt TS, Newnham EA, Brennan RT, Verdeli H, Borisova I, Neugebauer R, et al. Moderators of treatment effectiveness for war‐affected youth with depression in northern Uganda. Journal of Adolescent Health 2012;51(6):544–50.

Betancourt TS. Stressors, supports and the social ecology of displacement: Psychosocial dimensions of an emergency education program for Chechen adolescents displaced in Ingushetia, Russia. Culture Medicine and Psychiatry 2005;29(3):309‐40.

Bichescu D, Neuner F, Schauer M, Elbert T. Narrative exposure therapy for political imprisonment‐related chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2007;45:2212−220.

Birck A. Torture victims after psychotherapy ‐ a two year follow‐up. Torture 2001;11:55‐58.

Birman D, Beehler S, Harris EM, Everson ML, Batia K, Liataud J, et al. International family, adult, and child enhancement services (FACES): A community‐based comprehensive services model for refugee children in resettlement. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 2008;78:121‐32.

Bodeker G, Neumann C. Revitalization and development of Karen traditional medicine for sustainable refugee health services at the Thai‐Burma border. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies 2012;10:6‐30.

Boehnlein JK, Kinzie JD, Ben R, Fleck, J. One‐year follow‐up study of posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of Cambodian concentration camps. American Journal of Psychiatry 1985;142(8):956‐59.

Boehnlein JK, Kinzie JD, Sekiya U, Riley C, Pou K, Rosborough B. A ten‐year treatment outcome study of traumatized Cambodian refugees. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2004;192(10):658–63.

Boehnlein JK, Kinzie JD. Pharmacologic reduction of CNS noradrenergic activity in PTSD: The case for clonidine and prazosin. Journal of Psychiatric Practice 2007;13(2):72‐8.

Bogac C. Place attachment in a foreign settlement. Journal of Environmental Psychology 2009;29:267‐78.

Bolton P, Bass J, Betancourt T, Speelman L, Onyango G, Clougherty K, et al. Interventions for depression symptoms among adolescent survivors of war and displacement in Northern Uganda: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2007;298(5):519‐27.

Bolton P, Bass J, Neugebauer R, Verdeli H, Clougherty K, Wickramaratne P, et al. Group interpersonal psychotherapy for depression in rural Uganda: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003; 289(23), 3117–124.

Bolton P, Lee C, Haroz EE, Murray L, Dorsey S, Robinson C, et al. A transdiagnostic community‐based mental health treatment for comorbid disorders: development and outcomes of a randomized controlled trial among Burmese refugees in Thailand. PLoS Medicine 2014;11:1‐16.

Boynton L, Bentley J, Strachan E, Barbato A, Raskind M. Preliminary findings concerning the use of prazosin for the treatment of posttraumatic nightmares in a refugee population. Journal of Psychiatric Practice 2009;15(6):454‐59.

Bradley M. Rethinking refugeehood: statelessness, repatriation, and refugee agency. Review of International Studies 2014;40:101‐23.

Breslau J. Cultures of trauma: anthropological views of posttraumatic stress disorder in international health. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 2004;28(2):113‐26.

Briant N, Kennedy A. An investigation of the perceived needs and priorities held by African refugees in an urban setting in a first country of asylum. Journal of Refugee Studies 2004;17(4):437‐59.

Brune M, Haasen C, Krausz M, Yagdiran O, Bustos E, Eisenmann D. Belief systems as coping factors for traumatized refugees: a pilot study. European Psychiatry 2002;17:451‐58.

Buhmann CB, Nordentoft M, Ekstroem M, Carlsson J, Mortensen EL. The effect of flexible cognitive behavioural therapy and medical treatment, including antidepressants on post‐traumatic stress disorder and depression in traumatised refugees: pragmatic randomised controlled clinical trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2016;208:252‐59.

Bulley D. Inside the tent: Community and government in refugee camps. Security Dialogue 2014;45:63‐80.

Buyer M. Negotiating identity and displacement among the Somali refugees of Cape Town. South African Historical Journal 2008;60(2):226‐41.

Carlsson JM, Mortensen EL, Kastrup M. A follow‐up study of mental health and health‐related quality of life in tortured refugees in multi‐discipilinary treatment. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2005;193:651‐57.

Carlsson JM, Olsen DR, Kastrup M, Mortensen EL. Late mental health changes in tortured refugees in multidisciplinary treatment. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2010;198(11):824‐28.

Catani C, Kohiladevy M, Ruf M, Schauer E, Elbert T, Neuner F. Treating children traumatized by war and tsunami: a comparison between exposure therapy and meditation‐relaxation in North‐East Sri Lanka. BMC Psychiatry 2009;9(22).

Cavic T, Pejovic M. The evaluation of group cognitive psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. [Evaluacija grupne kognitivne psihoterapije posttraumatskog stresnog poremecaja]. Psihijatrija Danas 2005;37:307–13.

Chatty D, Mansour N, Yassin N. Statelessness and tribal identity on Lebanon’s eastern borders. Mediterranean Politics 2013;18:411‐26.

Cheung P. Somatisation as a presentation in depression and post‐traumatic stress disorder among Cambodian refugees. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1993;27(3): 422–28.

Curley, B. Siting Sudaneseness: Territory, practice, and identity in Aragi. Refuge 2009;26:183‐90.

d'Ardenne P, Ruaro L, Cestari L, Fakhoury W, Priebe, S. Does interpreter‐mediated CBT with traumatized refugee people work? A comparison of patient outcomes in East London. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherap. 2007;35:293‐301.

Davenport CA, Moore WH, Poe SC. Sometimes you just have to leave: domestic threats and forced migration, 1964‐1989. International Interactions 2003;29:27‐55.

DeMartino R, Mollica RF, Wilk V. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in posttraumatic stress disorder. Promise and problems in Indochinese survivors of trauma. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1995;183(8): 510–15.

Drožđek B, Bolwerk N. Evaluation of group therapy with traumatized asylum seekers and refugees – the Den Bosch model. Traumatology 2010;16:117‐27.

Drožđek B, Kamperman AM, Bolwerk N, Tol WA, Kleber RJ. Group therapy with male asylum seekers and refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder: A controlled comparison cohort study of three day‐treatment programs. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2012;200:758–65.

Drožđek B, Kamperman AM, Tol WA, Knipscheer JW, Kleber RJ. Seven‐year follow‐up study of symptoms in asylum seekers and refugees with PTSD treated with trauma‐focused groups. Journal of Clinical Psychology 2014;70:376–87.

Drožđek B. Follow‐up study of concentration camp survivors from Bosnia‐Herzegovina: Three years later. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2007;185:690‐94.

Dudley S. Feeling at home: Producing and consuming things in Karenni refugee camps on theThai‐Burma border. Population, Space and Place 2011;17:742‐55.

Durà‐Vilà G, Klasen H, Makatini Z, Rahimi Z, Hodes M. Mental health problems of young refugees: duration of settlement, risk factors and community‐based interventions. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2013;18:604‐23.

Dybdahl R. Children and mothers in war: an outcome study of a psychosocial intervention program. Child Development 2001;72(4):1214‐30.

Ehntholt KA, Smith PA, Yule W. School‐based cognitive‐behavioural therapy group intervention for refugee children who have experienced war‐related trauma. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2005;10(2):235‐50.

Eisenbruch M, de Jong JTVM, van de Put W. Bringing order out of chaos: A culturally competent approach to managing the problems of refugees and victims of organized violence. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2004;17:123‐131.

Ellis BH, Miller AB, Abdi S, Barrett C, Blood E, Betancourt TS. Multi‐tier mental health program for refugee youth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2013;81(1):129‐40.

El‐Shaarawi N. Living an uncertain future: An ethnography of displacement, health, psychosocial well‐being and the search for durable solutions among Iraqi refugees in Egypt [PhD thesis]. Cleveland (US): Case Western Reserve University, 2012.

Ertl V, Pfeiffer A, Schauer E, Elbert T, Neuner F. Community‐implemented trauma therapy for former child soldiers in Northern Uganda: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2011;306:503‐12.

Fazel M, Doll H, Stein A. A school‐based mental health intervention for refugee children: An exploratory study. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2009;14(2):297‐309.

Felke TP. It’s been twenty years: the case of ethnic Armenian refugees from Nagorno‐Karabakh and Azerbaijan [PhD thesis]. Mansfield (US): University of Connecticut, 2010.

Ferris EG. Abuse of power: sexual exploitation of refugee women and girls. Signs 2007;32: 584‐91.

Fiddian‐Qasmiyeh E. Faith‐based humanitarianism in contexts of forced displacement. Journal of Refugee Studies 2011;24:429‐39.

Folkes CE. Thought field therapy and trauma recovery. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health 2002;4:99‐103.

Fox PG, Rossetti J, Burns KR, Popovich J. Southeast Asian refugee children: a school‐based mental health intervention. International Journal of Psychiatric Nursing Research 2005;11: 1227‐236.

Frances A, Kroll J. Ongoing treatment of a Hmong widow who suffers from pain and depression. Hospital & Community Psychiatry 1989;40(7):691–93.

Franke MFN. Refugee registration as foreclosure of the freedom to move: the virtualisation of refugees’ rights within maps of international protection. Society and Space 2009;27:352‐69.

Geltman PL, Grant‐Knight W, Ellis H, Landgraf JM. The ‘’lost boys” of Sudan: use of health services and functional health outcomes of unaccompanied refugees minors resettled in the US. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 2008;10(5):389‐96.

Gregory JL, Prana H. Posttraumatic growth in Cote d’Ivoire refugees using the companion recovery model. Traumatology 2013;19(3):223–32.

Gupta L, Zimmer C. Psychosocial intervention for war‐affected children in Sierra Leone. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science 2008;192(3):212‐16.

Halvorsen JO, Stenmark H. Narrative exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in tortured refugees: A preliminary uncontrolled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 2010;51(6):495‐502.

Harding S, Libal K. Iraqi refugees and the humanitarian costs of the Iraq war: what role for social work? International Journal of Social Welfare 2012;21:94‐104.

Harris K, Maxwell C. A needs assessment in a refugee mental health project in North‐East London: extending the counselling model to community support. Medicine, Conflict and Survival 2000;16(2):201‐15.

Hensel‐Dittmann, D, Schauer M, Ruf M, Catani C, Odenwald, M, Elbert T. Treatment of traumatized victims of war and torture: A randomized controlled comparison of narrative exposure therapy and stress inoculation training. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 2011;80:345‐52.

Hijazi AM, Lumley MA, Ziadni MS, Haddad L, Rapport LJ, Arnetz BB. Brief narrative exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress in Iraqi refugees: a preliminary randomized clinical trial. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2014;27:314‐22.

Hijazi AM. Narrative exposure therapy to treat traumatic stress in Middle Eastern refugees: a clinical trial [PhD thesis]. Detroit (US): Wayne State University, 2012

Hinton DE, Chhean D, Pich V, Safren SA, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive‐behavior therapy for Cambodian refugees with treatment‐resistant PTSD and panic attacks: a cross‐over design. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2005;18:617‐29.

Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, Otto MW. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics 2009;15:255‐63.

Hinton DE, Kredlow MA, Bui E, Pollack MH, Hofmann SG. Treatment change of somatic symptoms and cultural syndromes among Cambodian refugees with PTSD. Depression and Anxiety 2012;29(2):147‐54.

Hinton DE, Pham T, Tran M, Safren SA, Otto MW, Pollack MH. CBT for Vietnamese refugees with treatment‐resistant PTSD and panic attacks: a pilot study. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2004;17:429‐33.

Holmqvist R, Andersen K, Anju T, Alinder B. Change in self‐image and PTSD symptoms in short‐term therapies with traumatized refugees. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy 2006;20:251−65.

Hunt N, Gakenyi M. Comparing refugees and nonrefugees: the Bosnian experience. Anxiety Disorders 2005;19:717‐23.

Išpanović‐Radojković V, Petrović V, Davis H, Tenjović L, Minčić T. Evaluation of psychosocial intervention with traumatised adolescents. In: Powell S,Durakovic‐Belko E, editors. The psychosocial consequences of war: results of empirical research from the territory of former Yugoslavia. Sarajevo (Bosnia Herzegovina):UNICEF, 2002;268‐71.

Jordans MJD, Semrau M, Thornicroft G, van Ommeren M. Role of current perceived needs in explaining the association between past trauma exposure and distress in humanitarian settings in Jordan and Nepal. British Journal of Psychiatry 2012;201:276‐81.

Kaiser T. Songs, discos and dancing in Kiryandongo, Uganda. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 2006;32:183‐202.

Kalantari M, Yule W, Dyregrov A, Neshatdoost H, Ahmadi SJ. Efficacy of writing for recovery on traumatic grief symptoms of Afghani refugee bereaved adolescents: a randomized control trial. Omega 2012;65:139‐50.

Kibreab G. Displacement, host governments ‘policies and constraints on the construction of sustainable livelihoods. International Social Science Journal 2003;55:57‐67.

Kibreab G. Pulling the wool over the eyes of the strangers: Refugee deceit and trickery in institutionalized settings. Journal of Refugee Studies 2004;17:1‐28.

Kinzie JD, Kinzie JM, Sedighi B, Woticha A, Mohamed H, Riley C. Prospective one‐year treatment outcomes of tortured refugees: a psychiatric approach. Torture 2012;22:1‐10.

Kinzie JD, Leung P. Clonidine in Cambodian patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1989;177(9):546‐50.

Kinzie JD, Sack RL, Riley CM. The polysomnographic effects of clonidine on sleep disorders in posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot study with Cambodian patients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1994;182(10):585‐87.

Kruse J, Joksimovic L, Cavka M, Woller W, Schmitz N. Effects of trauma‐focused psychotherapy upon war refugees. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2009;22:585‐92.

Lange‐Nielsen II, Kolltveit S, Thabet AAM, Pallesen ADS, Johnsen TB, Laberg JC. Short‐term effects of writing intervention among adolescents in Gaza. Journal of Loss and Trauma 2012;17:403‐22.

Lehnung M, Shapiro E, Schreiber M, Hofmann A. Evaluating the EMDR group traumatic episode protocol with refugees: a field study. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 2017;11:129‐38.

Liedl A, Muller J, Morina N, Karl A, Denke C, Knaevelsrud C. Physical activity within a CBT intervention improves coping with pain in traumatized refugees: results of a randomized controlled design. Pain Medicine 2011;12:234–45.

Marshall LW. Toward a new definition of ‘refugee’: is the 1951 convention out of date? European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 2011;37:61‐66.

Mattoon L. The gift of trauma: stories of posttraumatic growth and spiritual transformation in war survivors from Uganda and Vietnam. Palo Alto (US): Institute of Transpersonal Psychology, 2011.

McDougal L, Beard J. Revisiting Sphere: new standards of service delivery for new trends in protracted displacement. Disasters 2011;35:87‐101.

Meffert SM, Abdo AO, Alla OAA, Elmakki YOM, Omer AAI, Yousif S, et al. A pilot randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for Sudanese refugees in Cairo, Egypt. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 2014;6:240‐59.

Miller K, Billings D. Playing to grow: a primary mental health intervention with Guatemalan refugee children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 1994;64(3):346‐56.

Miller KE, Rasmussen A. War exposure, daily stressors, and mental health in conflict and post‐conflict settings: bridging the divide between trauma‐focused and psychosocial frameworks. Social Science & Medicine 2010;70:7‐16.

Mirghani Z. Healing through sharing: An outreach project with Iraqi refugee volunteers in Syria. Intervention 2013;11:321‐29.

Möhlen H, Parzer P, Resch F, Brunner R. Psychosocial support for war‐traumatized child and adolescent refugees: Evaluation of a short‐term treatment program. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2005;39(1‐2):81‐7.

Mollica RF, Wyshak G, Lavelle J, Truong T, Tor S, Yang T. Assessing symptom change in Southeast Asian refugee survivors of mass violence and torture. American Journal of Psychiatry 1990;147:83‐88.

Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, Hamuni G, Kolassa S, Catani C, et al. The effect of trauma‐focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2014;54:1‐10.

Moulin C. Border languages: rumors and (dis)placements of (inter)national politics. Alternatives 2010;35:347‐71.

Mowafi H. Conflict, displacement and health in the Middle East. Global Public Health 2011;6:472‐87.

Muller J, Karl A, Denke C, Mathier F, Dittmann J, Rohleder N, et al. Biofeedback for pain management in traumatized refugees. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy 2009;38:184‐90.

Neuner F, Kurreck S, Ruf M, Odenwald M, Elbert T, Schauer M. Can asylum‐seekers with posttraumatic stress disorder be successfully treated? A randomized controlled pilot study. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 2010;39:81‐91.

Neuner F, Onyut PL, Ertl V, Odenwald M, Schauer E, Elbert T. Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder by trained lay counselors in an African refugee settlement: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2008;76:686‐94.

Neuner F, Schauer M, Klaschik C, Elbert T. A comparison of narrative exposure therapy, supportive counseling, and psychoeducation for treating posttraumatic stress disorder in an African refugee settlement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2004;72:579‐87.

Neuner F, Schauer M, Roth WT, Elbert T. A narrative exposure treatment as intervention in a refugee camp: a case report. Behavioral Cognitive Psychotherapy 2002;30(2):205‐9.

O’Shea B, Hodes M, Down G, Bramley J. A school‐based mental health service for refugee children. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2000;5(2),189‐201.

Onyut LP, Neuner F, Schauer E, Ertl V, Odenwald M, Schauer M, et al. Narrative Exposure Therapy as a treatment for child war survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder: Two case reports and a pilot study in an African refugee settlement. BMC Psychiatry 2005;5:7.

Onyut LP, Neuner F, Schauer E, Ertl V, Odenwald M, Schauer M, et al. The Nakivale Camp Mental Health Project: building local competency for psychological assistance to traumatised refugees. Intervention: International Journal of Mental Health, Psychosocial Work and Counselling in Areas of Armed Conflict. 2004;2(2):90‐107.

Ooi CS, Rooney RM, Roberts C, Kane RT, Wright B, Chatzisarantis N. The efficacy of a group cognitive behavioral therapy for war‐affected young migrants living in Australia: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychology 2016;7:1‐14.

Ooi CS. The efficacy and social validity of a group cognitive behavioural therapy for young migrants from war‐affected countries [PhD thesis]. Perth (Australia): Curtin University, 2012.

Oras R, de Ezpeleta SC, Ahmad A. Treatment of traumatized refugee children with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in a psychodynamic context. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 2004;58(3):199‐203.

Otto MW, Hinton D, Korbly NB, Chea A, Ba P, Gershuny BS, et al. Treatment of pharmacotherapy‐refractory posttraumatic stress disorder among Cambodian refugees: a pilot study of combination treatment with cognitive‐behavior therapy v. sertraline alone. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2003;41:1271‐276.

Palic S, Elklit A. An explorative outcome study of CBT‐based multidisciplinary treatment in a diverse group of refugees from a Danish treatment centre for rehabilitation of traumatized refugees. Torture 2009;19:248‐70.

Palmgren PA. Irregular networks: Bangkok refugees in the city and region. Journal of Refugee Studies 2013;27:21‐41.

Paunovic N, Öst LG. Cognitive‐behavior therapy vs. exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD in refugees. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2001;39:1183‐197.

Pfeiffer E, Goldbeck L. Evaluation of a trauma‐focused group intervention for unaccompanied young refugees: a pilot study. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2017;30(5):531‐36.

Pishyar R. Using de‐reflection techniques to affect clinical change in depression in an Afghan refugee community. International Forum of Logotherapy 2012;35:85‐90.

Porter M, Haslam N. Predisplacement and postdisplacement factors associated with mental health of refugees and internally displaced persons: a meta‐analysis. JAMA 2005; 294: 602‐12.

Quosh C, Eloul L, Ajlani R. Mental health of refugees and displaced persons in Syria and surrounding countries: a systematic review. Intervention 2013;11:276‐94.

Raghavan S, Rasmussen A, Rosenfeld B, Keller AS. Correlates of symptom reduction in treatment‐seeking survivors of torture. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 2013;5:377‐83.

Ramadan A. In the ruins of Nahr AlBarid: understanding the meaning of the camp. Journal of Palestine Studies 2014;40:49‐62.

Ramaliu A, Thurston W. Identifying best practices of community participation in providing services to refugee survivors of torture: a case description. Journal of Immigrant Health 2003;5(4):165‐72.

Rangkla P. Refuge and emplacement through Buddhism: Karen refugees and religious practices in a northwestern border town of Thailand. Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology 2013;14:8‐22.

Rees B, Travis F, Shapiro D, Chant R. Reduction in posttraumatic stress symptoms in Congolese refugees practicing transcendental meditation. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2013;26:295‐98.

Rees B, Travis F, Shapiro D, Chant R. Significant reductions in posttraumatic stress symptoms in Congolese refugees within 10 days of transcendental meditation practice. Journal of Trauma Stress 2014;27:112‐15.

Renner W, Banninger‐Huber E, Peltzer K. Culture‐Sensitive and Resource Oriented Peer (CROP) – groups as a community‐based intervention for trauma survivors: a randomized controlled pilot study with refugees and asylum seekers from Chechnya. Australasian Journal of Disaster Trauma Studies 2011:1‐13.

Renner W. The effectiveness of psychotherapy with refugees and asylum seekers: preliminary results from an Austrian study. Journal of Immigrant and Minor Health 2009;11:41‐45.

Rousseau C, Benoit M, Gauthier MF, Lacroix L, Alain N, Rojas MV, et al. Classroom drama therapy program for immigrant and refugee adolescents: a pilot study. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2007;12(3): 451‐65.

Rousseau C, Benoit M, Lacroix L, Gauthier M. Evaluation of a sandplay program for preschoolers in a multiethnic neighborhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2009;50:743‐50.

Rousseau C, Drapeau A, Lacrois L, Bagilishya D, Heusch N. Evaluation of a classroom program of creative expression workshops for refugee and immigrant children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2005;46:180‐85.

Ruf M, Schauer M, Neuner F, Catani C, Schauer E, Elbert T. Narrative exposure therapy for 7‐ to 16‐year‐olds: a randomized controlled trial with traumatized refugee children. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2010;23:437‐45.

Schaal S, Elbert T, Neuner F. Narrative exposure therapy versus interpersonal psychotherapy. A pilot randomized controlled trial with Rwandan genocide orphans. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 2009;78(5):298‐306.

Schauer M. Trauma treatment for children in war: build‐up of an evidence‐based large‐scale mental health intervention in North‐Eastern Sri Lanka [PhD thesis]. Konstanz (Germany): University of Konstanz, 2008.

Schottelkorb AA, Doumas DM, Garcia R. Treatment for childhood refugee trauma: a randomised trial. International Journal of Play Therapy 2012;21:57‐73.

Schulz PM, Huber LC, Resick PA. Practical applications of cognitive processing therapy with Bosnian refugees: implications for adapting practice to a multicultural clientele. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 2006;13:310‐21.

Schulz PM, Resick PA, Huber LC, Griffin MG. The effectiveness of cognitive processing therapy for PTSD with refugees in a community setting. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 2006;13(4): 322‐31.

Schwarz‐Langer G, Deighton RR, Jerg‐Bretzke L, Weisker I, Traue HC. Psychiatric treatment for extremely traumatized civil war refugees from former Yugoslavia. Possibilities and limitations of integrating psychotherapy and medication. Torture 2006;16(2):69‐80.

Šehović, M. Evaluation of results of cognitive behavioural therapy with traumatised children of displaced persons. In: Powell S,Durakovic‐Belko E, editors. The psychosocial consequences of war: results of empirical research from the territory of former Yugoslavia. Sarajevo (Bosnia Herzegovina): UNICEF, 2002;265‐66.

Šestan, D. Participation in a program of psychosocial support and reduction of posttraumatic symptoms in preschool children and their mothers. In: Powell S,Durakovic‐Belko E, editors. The psychosocial consequences of war: results of empirical research from the territory of former Yugoslavia. Sarajevo (Bosnia Herzegovina): UNICEF, 2002;255‐57.

Silove D. The challenges facing mental health programs for post‐conflict and refugee communities. Prehospital Disaster Medicine 2004;19(1):90‐96.

Smajkic A, Weine S, Djuric‐Bijedic Z, Boskailo E, Lewis J, Pavkovic I. Sertraline, paroxetine and venlafaxine in refugee posttraumatic stress disorder with depression symptoms. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2001;14:445‐52.

Snodgrass LL, Yamamoto J, Fredrick C, Ton‐That N, Foy DW, Chan L, et al. Vietnamese refugees with PTSD symptomatology: intervention via a coping skills model. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1993;6:569‐75.

Stenmark H, Catani C, Neuner F, Elbert T, Holen A. Treating PTSD in refugees and asylum seekers within the general health care system. A randomized controlled multi‐center study. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2013;51:641‐47.

Stepakoff S, Hubbard J, Katoh M, Falk E, Mikulu J, Nkhoma P, et al. Trauma healing in refugee camps in Guinea: a psychosocial program for Liberian and Sierra Leonean survivors of torture and war. American Psychology 2006;61:921‐31.

Summerfield D. A critique of seven assumptions behind psychological trauma programmes in war‐affected areas. Social Science and Medicine 1999;48:1449‐462.

Ter Heide FJJ, Mooren GTM, Kleijn W, de Jongh A, Kleber RJ. EMDR versus stabilisation in traumatised asylum seekers and refugees: results of a pilot study. European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2011;2:1‐12.

Ter Heide FJJ, Mooren GTM, Van de Schoot R, de Jongh A, Kleber RJ. Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy v. stabilisation as usual for refugees: randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2016;209:311‐18.

Thabet AA, Vostanis P, Karim K. Group crisis intervention for children during ongoing war conflict. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2005;14(5):262‐69.

Tol W, Komproe I, Susanty D, Jordans M, Macy R, de Jong J. School‐based mental health intervention for children affected by political violence in Indonesia. JAMA 2008;300(6):655‐62.

Tol WA, Komproe IH, Jordans MJD, Vallipuram A, Sipsma H, Sivayokan S, et al. Outcomes and moderators of a preventive school‐based mental health intervention for children affected by war in Sri Lanka: a cluster randomized trial. World Psychiatry 2012;11:114‐22.

Unterhitzenberger J, Eberle‐Sejari R, Rassenhofer M, Sukale T, Rosner R, Goldbeck L. Trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy with unaccompanied refugee minors: a case series. BMC Psychiatry 2015;15(260):10.1186/s12888‐015‐0645‐0.

Unterhitzenberger J, Rosner R. Case report: manualized trauma‐focused cognitive behavioural therapy with an unaccompanied refugee minor girl. European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2016;7:10.3402/ejpt.v7.29246.

Van Aken M. Dancing belonging: Contesting dabkeh in the Jordan Valley, Jordan. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 2006;32:203‐22.

Van Wyk S, Schweitzer R, Brough M, Vromanns L, Murray K. A longitudinal study of mental health in refugees from Burma: the impact of therapeutic interventions. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2012;46(10):995‐1003.

Vickers B. Cognitive model of maintenance and treatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder applied to children and adolescents. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2005;10(2):217‐34.

Warner FR. Social support and distress among Q’eqchi’ refugee women in Maya Tecun, Mexico. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 2007;21:193‐217.

Weine S, Kulauzovic Y, Klebic A, Besic S, Mujagic A, Muzurovic, et al. Evaluating a multiple‐family group access intervention for refugees with PTSD. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 2008;34:149‐64.

Weine SM, Dzubur Kulenovic A, Pavkovic I, Gibbons RD. Testimony psychotherapy in Bosnian refugees: A pilot study. American Journal of Psychiatry 1998;155:1720‐726.

Weine SM, Raina D, Zhubi M, Delesi M, Huseni D, Feetham S, et al. The TAFES multi‐family group intervention for Kosovar refugee: a feasibility study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2003;191(2):100‐7.

Weinstein N, Khabbaz F, Legate N. Enhancing need satisfaction to reduce psychological distress in Syrian refugees. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2016;84:645‐50.

Ying S. A comparative study on psychological counseling to solve immigration psychological problems. Chinese Public Health 2006;22(2):140‐41.

Zaman T. Jockeying for position in the humanitarian field: Iraqi refugees and faith‐based organisations in Damascus. Disasters 2012;36:S126‐S148.

Zetter R. More labels, fewer refugees: Remaking the refugee label in an era of globalization. Journal of Refugee Studies 2007;20:172‐92.