Table 3.
Microbiome composition in phylum and genera levels of antibiotic exposure and normal healthy pregnant women are different at 24~28 weeks’ gestation
| Controls (n=25) | ABX detected (n=12) | P value | |
| Chao | 681.8±140.2 | 1537.3±564.6 | <0.01 |
| Shannon | 3.82±0.67 | 4.41±0.73 | 0.022 |
| OTUs | 459.7±85.0 | 899.0±284.5 | <0.01 |
| Phylum | |||
| Firmicutes | 0.589±0.192 | 0.682±0.138 | 0.145 |
| Bacteroidetes | 0.229±0.155 | 0.204±0.126 | 0.639 |
| Proteobacteria | 0.119 (0.025~0.160) | 0.073 (0.021~0.080) | 0.119 |
| Actinobacteria | 0.033 (0.013~0.044) | 0.012 (0.015~0.021)** | 0.004 |
| Verrucomicrobia | 0.017 (0~0.015) | 0.003 (0~0002) | 0.135 |
| Tenericutes | 0.006 (0~0.005) | 0.003 (0~0.001) | 0.289 |
| Other | 0.002 (0~0.002) | 0.006 (0.0002~0.008) | <0.01 |
| Genera | |||
| Bacteroides | 0.184 (0.066~0.240) | 0.160 (0.072~0.208) | 0.721 |
| Faecalibacterium | 0.162 (0.072~0.222) | 0.189 (0.188~0.247) | 0.119 |
| Other_A | 0.137 (0.071~0.161) | 0.161 (0.094~0.219) | 0.256 |
| Megamonas | 0.034 (0~0.011) | 0.018 (0~0.004) | 0.088 |
| Lachnoclostridium | 0.020 (0.004~0.024) | 0.020 (0.008~0.031) | 0.721 |
| EscherichiaShigella | 0.029 (0.001~0.041) | 0.008 (0~0.006) | 0.098 |
| Ruminococcaceae_UCG014 | 0.051 (0~0.05) | 0.016 (0~0.037) | 0.459 |
| Incertae_sedis | 0.004 (0~0.004) | 0.042 (0.002~0.025)* | 0.019 |
|
Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes
_group |
0.03 (0.005~0.050) | 0.007 (0~0.007)** | 0.009 |
| Ruminococcaceae_UCG002 | 0.028 (0~0.017) | 0.021 (0~0.023) | 0.407 |
| Christensenellaceae_R7_group | 0.026 (0.005~0.035) | 0.004 (0~0.08)** | 0.001 |
| Dialister | 0.017 (0~0.011) | 0.033 (0~0.048) | 0.060 |
| Bifidobacterium | 0.013 (0.002~0.016) | 0.010 (0.001~0.015) | 0.338 |
| Hafnia | 0.011 (0~0) | 0 (0~0)** | 0.845 |
| Subdoligranulum | 0.024 (0~0.029) | 0.006 (0~0.01)* | 0.024 |
| Ruminococcus_2 | 0.015 (0.001~0.024) | 0.006 (0~0.016)* | 0.031 |
| Prevotella_9 | 0.001 (0~0) | 0.008 (0~0.020) | 0.017 |
| Lachnospiraceae_UCG004 | 0.003 (0~0.003) | 0.006 (0.004~0.009) | 0.004 |
| Rhodococcus | 0.008 (0.007~0.007) | 0.0002 (0~0.0003)** | <0.01 |
Significant differences between two groups show in */**, *p<0.05,**p<0.01, the diversity and microbiome composition are presented as mean±SEM when normally distributed or median with 25–75th IQR when non-normal distributed the decreased genera in GDM group are in boldface.
ABX, antibiotic; OTU, operational taxonomic unit.