Table 1.
Demographics and baseline characteristics
| Characteristics | Total (111) | Duloxetine (57) | Care as usual (54) | P value |
| Age | 62.7 (8.5) | 61.5 (8.1) | 64.0 (8.7) | 0.114 |
| Gender (female) | 69 (62.2) | 38 (66.7) | 31 (57.4) | 0.334 |
| Cohabitation (n=110) | 84 (76.4) | 43 (76.8) | 41 (75.9) | 0.999 |
| Education | 0.768 | |||
| Higher | 44 (39.6) | 23 (40.4) | 21 (38.9) | |
| Secondary | 59 (53.2) | 29 (50.9) | 30 (55.6) | |
| None or lower | 8 (7.2) | 5 (8.8) | 3 (5.6) | |
| BMI | 28.9 (4.5) | 28.8 (5.0) | 29.0 (3.9) | 0.874 |
| Smoking | 21 (18.9) | 15 (26.3) | 6 (11.1) | 0.053 |
| Knee | 61 (54.9) | 31 (54.4) | 30 (55.6) | 0.999 |
| Duration of pain (months) | 42.0 (18; 7) | 48 (22.5; 90) | 36 (16; 66.8) | 0.312 |
| Past surgery in index joint | 59 (53.2) | 30 (52.6) | 29 (53.7) | 0.999 |
| ASA score (n=110) | 0.169 | |||
| I | 34 (30.9) | 19 (33.9) | 15 (27.8) | |
| II | 67 (60.9) | 31 (54.4) | 37 (68.5) | |
| III | 9 (8.2) | 7 (12.5) | 2 (3.7) | |
| KL grade | 0.167 | |||
| II | 23 (20.7) | 8 (14.0) | 15 (27.8) | |
| III | 82 (73.9) | 45 (78.9) | 37 (68.5) | |
| IV | 6 (5.4) | 4 (7.0) | 2 (3.7) | |
| KOOS/HOOS (0–100) | ||||
| Pain | 34.4 (13.8) | 38.1 (14.0) | 30.6 (12.7) | 0.004 |
| Symptoms | 42.3 (16.8) | 43.4 (18.7) | 41.1 (14.6) | 0.471 |
| ADL | 40.2 (14.9) | 41.7 (15.2) | 38.6 (14.6) | 0.270 |
| QOL | 23.5 (13.4) | 25.4 (13.8) | 21.4 (12.8) | 0.114 |
| mPDQ (-1–38) | 15.8 (4.6) | 15.6 (4.7) | 16.0 (4.6) | 0.659 |
| VAS-R (110) | 52.6 (22.6) | 46.6 (24.8) | 58.7 (18.2) | 0.004 |
| VAS-M (111) | 69.5 (16.4) | 68.1 (15.6) | 71.1 (17.2) | 0.337 |
Dichotomous/categorical N (%), χ2 test. Continuous, normally distributed mean (SD), Student’s t-test (normality tested by histogram). Continuous, not normally distributed median (Q1; Q3), Mann-Whitney U test.
ADL, activities of daily living; ASA score, American Society of Anesthesiologists score; BMI, body mass index; KL grade, Kelgren and Lawrence grade; KOOS/HOOS, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score/Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; mPDQ, modified painDETECT Questionnaire; QOL, quality of life; VAS-M, Visual Analogue Scale for pain during Movement; VAS-R, VAS for pain in Rest.