Table 1.
Summary of ferroptosis-inducing agents in lung cancer
| Agent | Target | Model | Mechanism | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adagrasib | KRAS | KRASG12C-positive patients | Inhibition of KRASG12C | 9 |
| Ammonium ferric citrate | GPX4 | A549, HCC827, H1299, and NCI-H661 cells | Inhibition of GPX4-GSS/GSR-GGT axis | [125] |
| BSO | GSH | Neuroendocrine SCLC cells | Inhibition of the GCLC | 129,130 |
| Celastrol | ROS | HCC827, A540, and H1299 cells | Accumulation of damaged mitochondria and induction of PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitosis | [126] |
| Cisplatin | GSH | A549 cells | Depletion of GSH | 125 |
| Cryptotanshinone | ROS | A549 and NCI-H520 cells | Generation of the ROS and induction of lipid peroxidation | [127] |
| Curcumin | GSH | A549 and H1299 cells | Activation of autophagy | [128] |
| Dihydroartemisinin | ROS | NCI-H23 and XWLC-05 cells | Inhibition of the PRIM2-SLC7A11 axis | 113 |
| Dihydroisotanshinone I | GPX4 | A549 and H460 cells | Downregulation of GPX4 expression | [129] |
| Erastin | SLC7A11 | N5CP and A549 cells | Inhibition of NFE2L2-SLC7A11 pathway; upregulation and activation of TP53 | 77,86, [130] |
| Erianin | CaM | H460 and H1299 cells | Induction of Ca2+/CaM signaling | 133 |
| Ginkgetin | GSH | A549, NCIH460, and SPC-A-1 cells | Inhibition of SLC7A11 and GPX4; downregulation of GSH/GSSG ratio; disruption of the NFE2L2-HMOX1 axis | 85 |
| 6-Gingerol | USP14 | A549 cells | Inhibition of USP14 activity; upregulation of BECN1 and LC3-II/LC3-I | 131 |
| Levobupivacaine | ROS | A549 and A427 cells | Up-regulation of TP53 | [131] |
| Orlistat | Lipid peroxidation | A549 and H1299 cells | Inhibition of the expression of FAF2 | 137 |
| Paracetamol | ROS | A549 and H1299 cells | Inhibition of NFE2L2-HMOX1 | 84 |
| PdPT | GPX4 | A549 and H1299 cells | Induction of GPX4 degradation | 31 |
| RSL3 | GPX4 | H1650, HCC827, and PC9 cells | Inhibition of GPX4 activity | [132] |
| Siramesine and Lapatinib | ROS | A549 cells | Iron release from lysosomes and HMOX1 degradation by the proteasome system | [133] |
| Sorafenib | SLC7A11 | N5CP and A549 sells | Inhibition of NFE2L2-HMOX1 pathway | 86, [130] |
| Sulforaphane | GSH | NCI-H69, NCI-H82, and NCI-H69AR cells | Inhibition of SLC7A11 | [134] |
| Zinc | ROS | A549 cells | Induction of lipid peroxidation | [135] |
Abbreviations: BECN1, beclin 1; BSO, buthionine-sulfoximine; CaM, calmodulin; FAF2, fas associated factor family member 2; GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase; GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; GSH, glutathione; GSS, glutathione synthetase; GSR, glutathione reductase; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4; HMOX1, heme oxygenase 1; LC3-I, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-I; LC3-II, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II; NFE2L2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2; PdPT, palladium pyrithione; PINK1, PTEN induced kinase 1; PRIM2, DNA primase subunit 2; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SCLC, small cell lung cancer; SLC7A11, the solute carrier family 7 member 11; TP53, tumor protein p53; USP14, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14