Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in concordant and discordant groups: pooled cohort (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: 3049; Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities: 9748; Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults: 4735)–remnant cholesterol vs. low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
| RC < LDL-C (discordantly low RC; n = 6242) | RC ∼ LDL-C (concordant; n = 5302) | RC > LDL-C (discordantly high RC; n = 5988) | P-value | Overall population (n = 17 532) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 56 (27–64) | 58 (29–66) | 61 (55–67) | <0.001 | 58 (30–66) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 3591 (57.5) | 3026 (57.1) | 3320 (55.4) | <0.001 | 9937 (56.7) |
| Race, n (%) | |||||
| Whites | 3449 (55.3) | 3578 (67.6) | 4528 (75.7) | <0.001 | 11 555 (66.0) |
| Blacks | 2786 (44.7) | 1711 (32.4) | 1451 (24.3) | <0.001 | 5948 (34.0) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.0 (23.1–29.8) | 26.4 (23.1–30.3) | 27.8 (24.4–31.7) | <0.001 | 26.7 (23.5–30.7) |
| Lipid-lowering medication use, n (%) | 196 (3.1) | 302 (5.7) | 650 (10.9) | <0.001 | 1148 (6.6) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||||
| Never smoker | 3163 (51.1) | 2514 (47.7) | 2586 (43.4) | <0.001 | 8263 (47.4) |
| Former smoker | 1853 (29.9) | 1760 (33.4) | 2295 (38.5) | <0.001 | 5908 (33.9) |
| Current smoker | 1179 (19) | 997 (18.9) | 1080 (18.1) | <0.001 | 3256 (18.7) |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 118 (107–131) | 119 (108–132) | 123 (112–136) | <0.001 | 120 (109–133) |
| Antihypertensive medications, n (%) | 1190 (19.1) | 1216 (23.0) | 1974 (33.1) | <0.001 | 4380 (25.0) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 361 (5.8) | 433 (8.2) | 826 (13.8) | <0.001 | 1620 (9.3) |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 134.4 (116.1–154.0) | 116.4 (89.1–143.4) | 103.8 (87.2–119.5) | <0.001 | 117.9 (97.1–140) |
| RC, mg/dL | 16.8 (14.4–20.6) | 19.6 (14.4–27.5) | 25.2 (20–32.1) | <0.001 | 20 (15.5–26.6) |
| ApoB, mg/dL | 104.7 (91–119.5) | 94.6 (75.6–116.3) | 89.3 (76–103.8) | <0.001 | 96.9 (81–113.5) |
| Non-HDL-C, mg/dL | 152 (131–175) | 136 (103.5–172) | 130 (109–151) | <0.001 | 140 (115–166) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 73 (54–97) | 95 (62–149) | 145 (104–200) | <0.001 | 99 (67–147) |
| ApoA1, g/L | 139 (124.3–155) | 138.1 (122.3–156.2) | 136.2 (118.7–160.7) | <0.001 | 138 (122–156.9) |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 52 (44–62) | 50 (41–61) | 45 (36–57) | <0.001 | 50 (41–61) |
| hsCRP, mg/La | 1.9 (0.9–4.4) | 2.3 (1.1–5.2) | 2.8 (1.2–6.0) | <0.001 | 2.3 (1.0–5.3) |
Discordant groups were defined as difference of >10 percentile units. Continuous variables are reported as median (25th–75th percentile). Medians and proportions were compared using Kruskal–Wallis and chi-squared test, respectively. To convert to SI units: HDL-C, LDL-C, RC, and non-HDL-C, multiply by 0.02586; to convert TG to SI units, multiply by 0.01129.
a
hsCRP data only available in ARIC and MESA.