Table 5.
Microorganisms tested for the antimicrobial potential of Murraya koenigiia, Micromelum minutumb, and Clausena indicac.
| Species tested | Solvent | Ref | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leavesa | Well diffusion method | Staphylococcus aureus | Water, methanol | [76] |
| Salmonella typhi | ||||
| Shigella spp. | ||||
| Escherichia coli | ||||
| Lactobacillus spp. | ||||
|
| ||||
| Leavesa | Well diffusion method | Alternaria alternata | Water | [78] |
| Aspergillus flavus | ||||
| Aspergillus niger | ||||
| Curvularia lunata | ||||
| Fusarium moniliforme | ||||
| F. solani | ||||
| Helminthosporium sativum | ||||
| Penicillium spp. | ||||
|
| ||||
| Leavesa | Well diffusion method | Aspergillus niger | Acetone, methanol, ethanol | [77] |
| Fusarium oxysporum Penicillium notatum Trichoderma viride | ||||
| Bacillus cereus | ||||
| Escherichia coli | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella typhi | ||||
|
| ||||
| Seedsa | Disk diffusion method | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Acetone, chloroform, ethanol, methanol | [85] |
| Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||||
| Bacillus subtilis | ||||
|
| ||||
| Leaves and barka | Agar cup-plate method | Staphylococcus aureus | Ethanol | [33] |
| Proteus vulgaris | ||||
| Enterobacter aerogenes Lactobacillus spp. | ||||
|
| ||||
| Leaves and seeda | Disk diffusion method | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Acetone, chloroform, ethanol, methanol | [85] |
| Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||||
| Bacillus subtilis | ||||
|
| ||||
| Leaves and essential oilsa | Well diffusion method | Fusarium oxysporum Rhizoctonia solani | Methanol, ethanol | [79] |
|
| ||||
| Leavesa | Well diffusion method | Escherichia coli | Water, ethanol | [80] |
| Corynebacterium spp. Staphylococcus spp. | ||||
| Bacillus spp. | ||||
| Salmonella spp. | ||||
|
| ||||
| Leavesa | Well diffusion method | Streptococcus mutans Streptococcus gordonii Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Water, methanol, ethanol, n-hexane | [86] |
| Candida albicans | ||||
|
| ||||
| Leavesa,b | Well diffusion method | Bacillus cereus | Water, methanol, ethanol | [87] |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus | ||||
|
| ||||
| Leafa | Cup diffusion method | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria | Chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol | [88] |
| Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris | ||||
| Pseudomonas syringae | ||||
| Aspergillus flavus | ||||
| Fusarium verticillioides | ||||
|
| ||||
| Shootsa | Well diffusion method | Escherichia coli | n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, chloroform, water | [89] |
| Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella typhi | ||||
| Bacillus cereus | ||||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | ||||
| Candida albicans | ||||
|
| ||||
| Essential oila | Broth dilution method | Staphylococcus aureus | [90] | |
| Escherichia faecalis | ||||
| Escherichia coli | ||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||||
| Candida albicans | ||||
| Candida parapsilosis | ||||
| Aspergillus fumigatus | ||||
| Aspergillus niger | ||||
|
| ||||
| Leafa | Well diffusion method | Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus cereus | Water | [91] |
| Micrococcus luteus | ||||
| Escherichia coli | ||||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Leafa | Well diffusion method | Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus cereus | Ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, chloroform, petroleum ether, hexane, hot water | [92] |
| Micrococcus luteus Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Klebsiella pneumoniae | ||||
| Aspergillus niger | ||||
| Candida albicans | ||||
| Candida tropicalis | ||||
| Cryptococcus neoformans Candida kefyr | ||||
|
| ||||
| Leafa | Disc diffusion method | Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli | Water | [93] |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Klebsiella pneumonia | ||||
| Proteus mirabilis | ||||
| Proteus vulgaris | ||||
| Candida albicans | ||||
| Aspergillus fumigatus | ||||
|
| ||||
| Leaves, stem, and root barksb | Disk diffusion method | Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli | Ethanol | [82] |
|
| ||||
| Essential oilb | Well diffusion method | Staphylococcus aureus | [30] | |
| Escherichia coli | ||||
| Bacillus subtilis | ||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||||
|
| ||||
| Essential oilc | Broth diffusion method | Escherichia coli | [15] | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||||
| Bacillus subtilis | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | ||||
| Aspergillus niger | ||||
| Fusarium oxysporum | ||||
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ||||
| Candida albicans | ||||
|
| ||||
| Fruitsc | Filter paper diffusion method, LB medium double dilution method | Escherichia coli | [84] | |
| Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus subtilis | ||||
| Mucor | ||||
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Leaf essential oilc | Well diffusion method | Bacillus cereus | [14] | |
| Salmonella typhi | ||||
| Proteus vulgaris | ||||
| Escherichia coli | ||||
| Bacillus subtilis | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | ||||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | ||||
| Serratia marcescens | ||||