Table 2.
Demographic and clinical profiles of patients with PD with and without pareidolia.
| Group | Pareidolia (+) | Pareidolia (−) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total no. | 19 | 21 | |
| Sex (male/female)a | 11/8 | 12/9 | 0.962 |
| Age at the pareidolia test, y, median (range)b | 71 (47–79) | 69 (50–82) | 0.915 |
| Disease duration, y, median (range)b | 8.1 (0.8–16.8) | 6.0 (0.6–26.3) | 0.748 |
| ACE-III total score, median (range)b | 91 (63–99) | 91 (76–100) | 0.688 |
| Attention/orientation, median (range)b | 18 (11–18) | 17 (14–18) | 0.649 |
| Memory, median (range)b | 23 (13–25) | 23 (9–26) | 0.436 |
| Fluency (mean ± SD)c | 9.6 ± 2.4 | 9.9 ± 2.0 | 0.641 |
| Language, median (range)b | 26 (20–26) | 26 (21–26) | 0.520 |
| Visuospatial, median (range)b | 15 (8–16) | 15 (9–16) | 0.520 |
| FAB, median (mean ± SD)d | 14.4 ± 2.8 | 15.0 ± 1.8 | 0.448 |
| Pareidolia test | |||
| Pareidolia, median (range)b | 3 (1–17) | 0 | <0.001 |
| Missed, median (range)b | 0 (0-1) | 0 (0-1) | 0.236 |
| STAI | |||
| State anxiety (mean ± SD)c | 48.4 ± 10.5 | 42.5 ± 7.3 | 0.044 |
| Trait anxiety (mean ± SD)c | 48.8 ± 10.9 | 42.1 ± 9.5 | 0.044 |
| Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, median (range)b | 5 (1–36) | 4 (0–9) | 0.093 |
| MFES (mean ± SD)c | 92.5 ± 38.3 | 107.8 ± 28.7 | 0.159 |
| Freezing of gait (mean ± SD)c | 10.5 ± 6.9 | 8.8 ± 5.8 | 0.398 |
| RBDSQ-J, median (range)b | 4 (1–11) | 5 (0–10) | 0.486 |
| Hoehn and Yahr scale, median (range)b | 3 (1–4) | 3 (1–4) | 0.789 |
PD: Parkinson's disease; ACE-III: Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination; SD: standard deviation; FAB: Frontal Assessment Battery; STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; MFES: Modified Falls Efficacy Scale; RBDSQ: Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire. aχ2 test. bMann–Whitney U test. cStudent's t-test. dWelch's test. Values in bold are statistically significant at p < 0.05.