Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Variable | Total (n = 590) | Unmatched | Matched | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Routine care (n = 400) | IVIG (n = 190) | P value | Routine care (n = 118) | IVIG (n = 118) | P value | ||
| Age (years) | 53 (42–62) | 51 (41.5–61) | 56.5 (47–65) | < 0.001 | 52 (42–60) | 53.5 (44–60) | 0.36 |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 555 (94.1%) | 377 (94.2%) | 178 (93.7%) | 0.79 | 112 (94.9%) | 112 (94.9%) | 1.00 |
| Female | 35 (5.9%) | 23 (5.8%) | 12 (6.3) | 6 (5.1%) | 6 (5.1%) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.2 (24.2–30.4) | 26.9 (24.2–30.7) | 27.6 (24.7–30.1) | 0.50 | 26.7 (23.9–30.1) | 27.69 (24.7–29.4) | 0.54 |
| Co-morbidities | |||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 288 (48.8%) | 198 (49.5%) | 90 (47.4%) | 0.63 | 51 (43.2%) | 55 (46.6%) | 0.60 |
| Hypertension | 290 (49.2%) | 184 (46.0%) | 106 (55.8%) | 0.03 | 59 (50.0%) | 58 (49.2%) | 0.9 |
| Dyslipidemia | 68 (11.5%) | 38 (9.5%) | 30 (15.8%) | 0.03 | 10 (8.5%) | 12 (10.2%) | 0.65 |
| Coronary artery disease | 77 (13.1%) | 45 (11.3%) | 32 (16.8%) | 0.06 | 12 (10.2%) | 14 (11.9%) | 0.68 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 58 (9.8%) | 44 (11.0%) | 14 (7.4%) | 0.17 | 4 (3.4%) | 5 (4.2%) | 1.00 |
| Hemodialysis | 33 (5.6%) | 0 (0%) | 33 (17.4%) | < 0.001 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Chronic respiratory illness | 40 (6.8%) | 22 (5.5%) | 18 (9.5%) | 0.07 | 13 (11%) | 8 (6.8%) | 0.25 |
| Chronic liver disease | 11 (1.9%) | 10 (2.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0.12 | 1 (0.8%) | 1 (0.8%) | 1.00 |
| Malignancy | 19 (3.2%) | 11 (2.8%) | 8 (4.2%) | 0.35 | 7 (5.9%) | 5 (4.2%) | 0.55 |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio (mm Hg) | 124 (92–141) | 130 (97.5–150) | 105.35 (80–134) | < 0.001 | 123 (81–140) | 110.7 (87.1–136) | 0.38 |
| Vasopressor | 415 (70.3%) | 303 (75.8%) | 96 (50.5%) | < 0.001 | 71 (60.2%) | 67 (56.8%) | 0.60 |
| Sofa score | 2 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | 2 (1–4) | < 0.001 | 2 (2–4) | 2 (1–4) | 0.06 |
| Laboratory data | |||||||
| CRP (mg/L) | 163.3 (91.9–246.7) | 166.5 (99.6–245.3) | 156.2 (69.5–255) | 0.29 | 175.4 (90.9–257) | 152 (72–232.1) | 0.16 |
| Ferritin (mcg/L) | 1057 (637–1625) | 1017.5 (638.5–1559) | 1118 (638–1942) | 0.14 | 1168.5 (693–1565) | 1118.5 (688–1924) | 0.27 |
| D-Dimer (mcg/mL) | 1.25 (0.68–3.95) | 1.35 (0.68–4.23) | 1.17 (0.74–3.24) | 0.60 | 1.43 (0.61–4.6) | 1.13 (0.74–2.88) | 0.99 |
| Platelets (109/L) | 233.5 (184–306) | 240 (188–312) | 221 (176–293) | 0.06 | 249.5 (195–317) | 236 (186–308) | 0.51 |
| Creatinine (micromol/L) | 85 (70–111) | 84 (69–110) | 93 (71–113) | 0.08 | 78 (64–98) | 86 (68–108) | 0.07 |
| Bilirubin (micromol/L) | 11 (8–15) | 11 (8–15) | 11 (7–16) | 0.74 | 10 (8–14) | 10.25 (7–14.5) | 0.95 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 40 (25–64) | 38 (24–59) | 45 (26–70) | 0.03 | 37 (23–64) | 45 (28–70) | 0.053 |
| AST (IU/L) | 51 (35–80) | 50 (35–77) | 54 (35–91) | 0.07 | 50.5 (36–86) | 54.5 (36–91) | 0.42 |
| Corticosteroids | |||||||
| Dexamethasone | 168 (28.5%) | 96 (24.0%) | 72 (37.9%) | < 0.001 | 32 (27.1%) | 41 (34.7%) | 0.2 |
| Methylprednisolone | 446 (75.6%) | 331 (82.8%) | 115 (60.5%) | < 0.001 | 88 (74.6%) | 79 (66.9%) | 0.2 |
| Hydrocortisone | 142 (24.1%) | 110 (27.5%) | 32 (16.8%) | 0.005 | 15 (12.7%) | 14 (11.9%) | 0.84 |
| Tocilizumab | 329 (55.8%) | 251 (62.7%) | 78 (41.1%) | < 0.001 | 56 (47.5%) | 54 (45.8%) | 0.79 |
| Interferon | 65 (11.0%) | 49 (12.3%) | 15(7.9%) | 0.12 | 11 (9.3%) | 10 (8.5%) | 0.82 |
| Anti-viral drugs | |||||||
| Favipiravir | 78 (13.2%) | 47 (11.8%) | 31 (16.3%) | 0.13 | 17 (14.4%) | 23 (19.5%) | 0.30 |
| Lopinavir-Ritonavir | 306 (51.9%) | 229 (57.3%) | 77 (40.5%) | < 0.001 | 58 (49.2%) | 51 (43.2%) | 0.36 |
| Oseltamivir | 355 (60.2%) | 267 (66.8%) | 88 (46.3%) | < 0.001 | 63 (53.4%) | 58 (49.2%) | 0.51 |
| Remdesivir | 2 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.1%) | 0.10 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Ribavirin | 61 (10.3%) | 50 (12.5%) | 11 (5.8%) | 0.01 | 9 (7.6%) | 7 (5.9%) | 0.60 |
Data are presented as count (%) or median (interquartile range) unless otherwise indicated
Laboratory data and SOFA score were obtained at baseline on ICU admission
BMI, body mass index; PaO2/FiO2 ratio, ratio of partial pressure arterial oxygen and fraction of inspired oxygen; SOFA score, sequential organ failure assessment score; CRP, C-reactive protein; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase