Table 2.

Effect of BPHE against sodium oxalate induced urolithiasis in rats - Urine parameters.

Sr. no	Groups	Treatment	Oxalate (mg/dL)	Uric acid (mg/dL)	Magnesium (mg/dL)	Creatinine (mg/dL)	Phosphorus mg/dl
1	Normal	0.5% (w/v) gum acacia solution (5 ml/kg p.o.)	0.73 ± 0.004	0.16 ± 0.006	0.83 ± 0.005	1.59 ± 0.03	0.87 ± 0.01
2	Control	Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg, i.p.	1.93 ± 0.004	2.32 ± 0.02	0.34 ± 0.006	3.61 ± 0.14	1.43 ± 0.01
3	Standard	500 mg/kg, p.o. Cystone suspended in gum acacia 0.5% + Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg	0.87 ± 0.005∗∗	1.60 ± 0.02∗∗	0.69 ± 0.005∗∗	1.65 ± 0.04∗∗	0.82 ± 0.02∗∗
4	BPHE	50 mg/kg,b.wt.p.o suspended in gum acacia 0.5% + Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg	1.31 ± 0.04∗	1.93 ± 0.01∗	0.45 ± 0.007∗	2.60 ± 0.05∗	1.02 ± 0.01∗
5	BPHE	100 mg/kg,b.wt.p.o suspended in gum acacia 0.5% + Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg	0.95 ± 0.004∗∗	1.80 ± 0.01∗	0.55 ± 0.008∗	1.90 ± 0.02∗	0.94 ± 0.01∗
6	BPHE	200 mg/kg,b.wt.p.o suspended in gum acacia 0.5% + Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg	0.91 ± 0.006∗∗	1.63 ± 0.01∗∗	0.64 ± 0.008∗∗	1.79 ± 0.02∗∗	0.94 ± 0.01∗

∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01 values are mean ± SEM, n = 6, when compared with control by using one way ANOVA followed by Dunnette's multiple comparison test. ANOVA: Analysis of variance, SEM: Standard error of mean, BPHE: Bryophyllum pinnatum hydroalcoholic extracts.