Table 3.

Effect of BPHE against sodium oxalate induced urolithiasis in rats - serum parameters.

Sr. no	Groups	Treatment	Sodium mEq/l	Potassium mEq/l	Creatinine mg/dl	Uric acid mg/dl
1	Normal	0.5% (w/v) gum acacia solution (5 ml/kg p.o.)	3606.7 ± 25.77	25.08 ± 0.32	0.57 ± 0.01	2.52 ± 0.01
2	Control	Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg, i.p.	5496.7 ± 26.16	54.00 ± 0.57	1.46 ± 0.01	4.73 ± 0.01
3	Standard	500 mg/kg, p.o. Cystone suspended in gum acacia 0.5% + Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg	4145 ± 16.88∗∗	30.50 ± 0.42∗	0.59 ± 0.01∗∗	2.57 ± 0.01∗∗
4	BPHE	50 mg/kg,b.wt.p.o suspended in gum acacia 0.5% + Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg	4371.7 ± 23.58∗∗	34.50 ± 0.42∗	0.63 ± 0.01∗∗	2.67 ± 0.01∗∗
5	BPHE	100 mg/kg,b.wt.p.o suspended in gum acacia 0.5% + Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg	4283.3 ± 17.06∗∗	32.00 ± 0.36∗	0.65 ± 0.01∗∗	2.64 ± 0.01∗∗
6	BPHE	200 mg/kg,b.wt.p.o suspended in gum acacia 0.5% + Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg	4201.7 ± 13.01∗∗	30.83 ± 0.30∗	0.65 ± 0.01∗∗	2.64 ± 0.01∗∗

∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01 values are mean ± SEM, n = 6, when compared with control by using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnette's multiple comparison test. ANOVA: Analysis of variance, SEM: Standard error of mean, BPHE: Bryophyllum pinnatum hydroalcoholic extracts.