Table 5.

Mediators of inflammation involved in the inflammatory symptoms most affected by Kan Jang (adapted from Panossian & Wikman, 2012).¹⁷

Cell	Mediator	Target tissue, cells	Effect	Inflammatory symptoms
must cell, eosinophils,	histamine PAF leukotrienes	Vessels	Vascular permeability increases Vasodilatation-blood stream decreases Leukocyte extravasation increases	Sneezing edema reddening's/warming
		Neurons	Activation of nociceptors	Pain
		Airway epithelium	Airway sensory nerve endings	Cough
macrophages	IL-1, IL-6, TNFa,	Brain		fatigue, headache, malaise, anorexia sleep disturbance
		Hypothalamus	Interact with the vagus nerve endings to signal the temperature control center	fever
	prostaglandins	Skin blood vessels	Vasoconstriction	chilliness
		Skeletal muscle	Effects on peripheral pain receptors	muscle ache, pain
		Muscles	Catabolism	weight loss
	Leukotrienes	Fat tissue	Lipolysis
		Neutrophils Monocytes	Chemotaxis, phagocytosis.	nasal discharge mucous secretion
	PAF	Bacteria, virus	Phagocytosis
		Immune system	Immune defense	all symptoms
	prostaglandins bradykinin	Nerve endings in the airway	Pain mediated by the cranial nerves Supplying the nasopharynx and pharynx.	sore throat
blood plasma globulins	Bradykinin	large veins in the nasal epithelium	Vasodilation	nasal congestion