Table 5.

Final predictive model of problem gambling among esports bettors (N = 438)

Type	Parameter	B	SE	z	OR	95%CI[LL, UL]
Thresholds	1|2	1.15	0.36	3.15
	2|3	2.46	0.40	6.10
	3|4	3.82	0.48	8.00
Location	Escaping coping	0.36	0.09	4.16***	3.15	[1.22. 1.71]
	Engaged coping	− 0.23	0.08	− 2.75**	11.72	[0.67. 0.93]
	Coping motive	0.99	0.14	6.87***	45.49	[2.05. 3.63]
	Financial motive	0.30	0.11	2.71**	1.43	[1.09. 1.69]
	ESB time: linear	0.22	0.21	1.03	0.79	[0.81. 1.91]
	ESB time: quadratic	− 0.38	0.21	− 1.84	2.70	[0.45. 1.04]
	ESB time: cubic	0.50	0.24	2.03*	1.35	[1.00. 2.71]
	ESB time: 4th degree	0.69	0.25	2.72**	1.25	[1.18. 3.35]
	ESB time: 5th degree	0.33	0.23	1.40	0.69	[0.89. 2.27]
	Other e-gambling	0.72	0.17	4.29***	1.65	[1.48. 2.85]
	Play-to-win paying	0.41	0.16	2.59**	1.99	[1.11. 2.07]
Scale	ESB time: linear	− 0.74	0.26	− 2.80**	1.38	[0.29. 0.83]
	ESB time: quadratic	− 0.36	0.24	− 1.50	2.04	[0.43. 1.15]
	ESB time: cubic	− 0.46	0.23	− 1.99*	1.51	[0.40. 1.00]
	ESB time: degree 4	− 0.13	0.21	− 0.63	0.48	[0.57. 1.32]
	ESB time: degree 5	− 0.19	0.19	− 1.01	0.69	[0.58. 1.21]

B, SE, z, OR, LL, and UL represent parameter estimation, with standard error, Wald test statistic, odds ratio, and lower and upper limit of the 95% confidence interval of odds ratio, respectively

*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001