. 2021 Sep 27;100(12):101508. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101508

Table 3.

Effect of a synbiotic alone or in combination with an enhanced organic acid on histomorphological parameters in broilers.

	Villus height, µm	Crypt depth, µm	V/C Ratio	Goblet cell count	Goblet cell density
D 21
CON	741.56	227.81	3.51	141.96^d	19.18^bc
PS	771.45	237.14	3.45	127.06^e	16.52^d
PS1+BPX2	783.65	231.08	3.93	140.96^d	18.16^bcd
PS2+BPX1	700.88	218.55	3.37	119.9^f	17.63^cd
P-value (treatment)	0.025	0.129	0.912	<0.001	0.048
D 42
CON	1036.25	220.35	5.33	202.83^b	19.57^b
PS	957.65	189.75	5.50	179.13^c	18.82^bc
PS1+BPX2	1047.10	221.68	5.06	206.96^b	19.56^b
PS2+BPX1	986.20	194.23	5.31	218.29^a	21.63^a
P-value (treatment)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
P-value (treatment x day)	0.113	0.138	0.153	<0.001	0.049
Pooled SEM	17.45	6.78	0.157	1.865	0.719

^a-f

Means within column with different superscripts differ at P < 0.05. Treatments: CON (Control), PS (PS fed d 0–42), PS1+BPX2 (PS fed d 0–14, BPX fed d 15–42), PS2+BPX1 (PS fed d 0–28, BPX fed d 29–42).