Table 1.

Potential roles of biomarkers in stroke management

Phases	Pre-hospital/emergency	Acute in-hospital care	Inpatient rehabilitation	Research/others
Potential roles	Earlier diagnosis	Predicting risks of the aggravation of brain edema	Predicting functional recovery	Surrogate markers for neurological recovery
	Aiding in triage	Predicting risks of the aggravation of brain edema	Early detection of post-acute complications	Surrogate markers for neurological recovery
	Risk stratification for acute management	Early detection of acute complications	Early detection of post-acute complications	Surrogate markers for functional recovery
	Prognostication	Prognostication of functional recovery	Personalize rehab management	Surrogate markers for functional recovery
Promising biomarkers	Imaging biomarkers	Imaging biomarkers	Blood biomarkers	Imaging biomarkers
	Blood biomarkers	Blood biomarkers	Clinical assessment	Electrophysiologic studies
	Clinical assessment	Clinical assessment	Clinical assessment	Blood biomarkers