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. 2021 Oct 25;12:718484. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.718484

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Characterization of human Intestine Chip and ACE2 receptor. (A) Schematic illustration of the Intestine Chip used to study viral infection. (B) Relative mRNA expression levels of LGR5 (top) and ACE2 (bottom) genes measured within intestinal epithelium by RT-qPCR when cultured as organoids or within Transwells (TW) or Intestine Chips (Chips). Each data point represents one chip; similar results were obtained using cells from two donors; data represent the mean ± s.d. (n = 3); **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001. (C) Western blot showing ACE2 and GAPDH protein expression levels. (D) Dot plot of gene expression (columns) across major cell types (rows) determined using scRNA-seq shown in E. Dot size reflects percent of cell types expressing a given gene; dot hue reflects average gene expression within each cell type. (E) UMAP visualization of scRNA-seq analysis of duodenal epithelial cells cultured within Intestine Chips. Results include samples from six chips and two different donors; points are colored by cell type as indicated in the figure.