Table 1.

Characteristics of the studies included and the use of biologics during pregnancy.

Study	Design	Pregnancies (n)	No. of pregnancies in the drug-exposed group	No. of pregnancies in the control group	Duration of exposure	Study quality
Kammerlander et al. (17)	R	120	90 anti-TNF	30 BU	During the third trimester	✰✰✰✰✰✰✰
Zelinkova et al. (18)	P	50	25 anti-TNF (IFX+ADA)	25 BU	Discontinued the treatment at mean gestational week 22	✰✰✰✰✰✰✰
Lichtenstein et al. (19)	R	118	78 anti-TNF (IFX)	40 BU	At any time during pregnancy	✰✰✰✰✰
Wils et al. (20)	R	158	21 anti-integrins (VDZ) 27 anti-interleukins (UST) 60 anti-TNF (IFX)	50 BU	At any time within the 2 months prior to conception or during pregnancy	✰✰✰✰✰✰✰
Katz et al. (21)	R	164	82 anti-TNF (IFX)	82 BU	At any time within the 3 months prior to conception or during pregnancy	✰✰✰✰✰✰
Schnitzler et al. (22)	R	213	41 anti-integrins 48 anti-interleukins (UST) 72 anti-TNF (IFX+ADA)	52 BU	At any time within the 3 months prior to conception or during pregnancy	✰✰✰✰✰✰
Weber-Schoendorfer et al. (23)	P	222	27 anti-integrins 30 anti-interleukins (UST) 85 anti-TNF	80 BU	At any time during the first 12 weeks	✰✰✰✰✰✰✰
Clowse et al. (24)	P + R	396	53 anti-integrins 47 anti-interleukins 98 anti-TNF (CZP)	198 BU	At any time during pregnancy	✰✰✰✰✰✰✰
Moens et al. (25)	R	286	136 anti-TNF (IFX) 40 anti-integrins (VDZ) 24 anti-interleukins (UST)	86 BU	At any time within the 3 months prior to conception or during pregnancy	✰✰✰✰✰✰✰
Casanova et al. (26)	R	30	15 anti-TNF	15 BU	At any time within the 3 months prior to conception or during pregnancy	✰✰✰✰✰✰✰
de Lima et al. (27)	P	118	63 anti-TNF	55 BU	At any time during pregnancy	✰✰✰✰✰✰✰

R, Retrospective; P, Prospective; BU, biologic unexposed.