Table 1.

Sociodemographic data of participants.

	No pain	CP
	N = 260	N = 217
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	p-value
Age (Years)	52.5 (6.8)	53.7 (6.7)	0.045*
Education (Years)	17.3 (3.5)	16.8 (3.9)	0.145
	Frequency (%)	Frequency (%)	p- value
Gender (Women)	44.2	51.6	0.108
Professional status			0.304
Unemployed	3.8	6.0
Retired	5.4	6.9
Part-time contract	8.8	6.9
Full-time contract	81.9	80.2
Professional category			0.059
Unskilled manual labor	3.8	3.7
Qualified manual labor	26.2	32.3
Professional (with university studies)	27.3	31.3
Manager or director (with university studies)	42.7	32.7
Civil status			0.209
Single	60.0	17.5
Separated/Divorced	15.4	15.7
Married	22.7	65.4
Widower	1.9	1.4
Monthly incomes			0.613
<1,000€	3.5	3.7
Between 1,000 and 2,000 €	18.1	15.2
Between 2,000 and 5,000 €	54.2	62.7
More than 5,000 €	24.2	18.4
Medication			<0.001**
None	65.0	47.5
Analgesics (NSAIDs, aspirine…)	2.3	6.5
Antimigraine	0.4	1.4
Other drugs (no pain-related)	31.2	34.6
Mixed medications (no pain and pain)	1.2	10.1
BMI			<0.001**
Underweight	1.5	0.5
Normal	60.8	46.1
Overweight	29.6	39.2
Obese	8.1	14.3
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	p- value
Audit	2.6 (1.5)	2.9 (2.4)	0.103
	Frequency (%)	Frequency (%)	p- value
Cannabis			0.221
No	98.5	96.8
Yes	1.5	3.2
Nicotine			0.968
No	85.4	85.3
Yes	14.6	14.7
Comorbidities
Hypertension	12.3	16.1	0.237
Cardiovascular diseases	5.8	5.5	0.911
Cholesterol	20.4	25.3	0.201
Diabetes	4.2	4.6	0.842
Arthritis	2.3	3.2	0.541
Thyroid disease	8.5	12.4	0.161
Prothesis	1.5	2.3	0.541
Gastric ulcer	2.3	4.6	0.178

Post-hoc comparisons revealed that differences were statistically significant between participants without pain and those with CP (p = 0.02);

^**p < 0.05;

^*p < 0.01.

SD, standard deviation; NSAIDs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; BMI, body mass index; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test.