Table 1. Review of trials investigating effect of photodynamic therapy on survival outcomes in patients with unresectable CCA.
| Author | PDT + stent cohort size | Stent alone cohort size | Study design | Median survival outcomes (PDT + stent vs. stent alone) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ortner et al., 2003 (15) | 20 | 19 | RCT | 493 vs. 98 days | <0.0001 |
| Dumoulin et al., 2003 (17) | 24 | 20 | RS | 9.9 vs. 5.6 months | 0.05 |
| Witzigmann et al., 2006 (18) | 68 | 56 | PS | 12 vs. 6.4 months | <0.01 |
| Kahaleh et al., 2008 (19) | 19 | 29 | PS | 16.2 vs. 7.4 months | <0.004 |
| Cheon et al., 2012 (21) | 72 | 71 | RS | 9.8 vs. 7.3 months | 0.029 |
| Lee et al., 2012 (22) | 18 | 15 | RS | 356 vs. 230 days | 0.006 |
| Leggett et al., 2012 (23) | 170 | 157 | MA (6 studies) | Weighted mean difference: 265 days | 0.01 |
| Moole et al., 2017 (24) | 526 | 146 | MA (10 studies) | 413.04 vs. 183.41 days | 0.0043 |
CCA, cholangiocarcinoma; PDT, photodynamic therapy; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RS, retrospective study; PS, prospective study; MA, meta-analysis.