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. 2021 Nov 3;14:17562864211054952. doi: 10.1177/17562864211054952

Table 3.

The associations between blood GFAP levels and clinical variables in NMOSD patients at baseline. .

Variable Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis
exp (β) value 95% CI p value exp (β) value 95% CI p value
Age at baseline 1.02 1.01–1.03 0.002 1.00 0.99–1.01 0.687
Sex (Ref = female) 1.18 0.62–2.25 0.607 Not included
EDSS 1.23 1.15–1.32 <0.001 1.12 1.06–1.18 <0.001
ARR 1.04 0.76–1.43 0.800 Not included
Number of relapse event 1.02 0.94–1.10 0.689 Not included
Disease duration 1.00 0.96–1.04 0.910 Not included
Recent relapse (<60d)
 No Ref
 Yes 3.84 2.95–5.00 <0.001 2.62 1.95–3.52 <0.001
Treatment at baseline
 No treatmenta Ref
 Treated 0.33 0.23–0.47 <0.001 0.74 0.54–1.00 0.054

ARR, Annualized relapse rates; CI, confidence interval; DMD, Disease-Modifying Drug; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; NMOSD, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders; pGFAP, plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein; Ref, reference.

a

No treatment was defined as patients who first diagnosed, or at relapse stage did not receive any prior treatment, including high dose intravenous steroids, plasma exchange (PE), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), or any DMD treatment at baseline; Univariable estimates are given for all tested variables, multivariable estimates are only provided for the variables used in the final multiple lineal model; the estimates β were back transformed [exp(β)] because dependent variable pGFAP was log-transformed.