Table 15.

ABMs for the assessment of ‘Fatigue’ at lairage

ABM	Description
Exhaustion	Conscious animals lying on the floor and not able to stand up (recumbency) or unable to move when the animal is standing. Conscious animals lying on the floor and not able to stand up (recumbency) (Benjamin, 2005); reluctance to move if the animal is standing, but no signs of lameness such as repeated weight shifting or reluctance to bear weight.
Tachypnoea	Excessive rate and depth of breathing, e.g. > 60 per minute in sheep and goats (EFSA AHAW Panel, 2011; Reddy et al., 2019).