Table 3.
Comparison of respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary functions in volleyball players with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19
| Parameters |
COVID-19 players (n = 17) X ± SD |
Non COVID-19 players (n = 25) X ± SD |
Means difference 95% CI |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pulmonary function test (L) | ||||
| FEV1 | 3.73 ± 0.54 | 3.79 ± 0.41 | −0.06 (−0.36 to 0.24) | 0.690 |
| FVC | 4.47 ± 0.60 | 4.46 ± 0.54 | 0.01 (−0.35 to 0.37) | 0.955 |
| PEF | 6.11 ± 1.63 | 6.32 ± 1.18 | −0.21 (−1.08 to 0.67) | 0.633 |
| FEF25–75% | 3.94 ± 1.02 | 4.10 ± 0.82 | −0.17 (−0.74 to 0.41) | 0.558 |
| Pulmonary function test (%) | ||||
| FEV1 | 94.77 ± 12.15 | 98.12 ± 9.46 | −3.36 (−10.10 to 3.39) | 0.321 |
| FVC | 96.65 ± 10.37 | 99.80 ± 9.41 | −3.15 (−9.38 to 3.08) | 0.313 |
| FEV1/FVC | 97.41 ± 9.74 | 98.04 ± 7.60 | −0.63 (−6.04 to 4.78) | 0.816 |
| PEF | 76.00 ± 18.06 | 80.00 ± 14.62 | −4.00 (−14.22 to 6.22) | 0.434 |
| FEF25–75% | 96.82 ± 23.26 | 99.96 ± 20.86 | −2.13 (−16.02 to 11.75) | 0.757 |
| Respiratory muscle strength | ||||
| MIP (cmH2O) | 80.12 ± 22.22 | 97.00 ± 13.74 | −16.88 (−29.36 to −4.41) | 0.010* |
| MIP (%) | 87.36 ± 25.20 | 103.63 ± 14.02 | −16.28 (−30.20 to −2.36) | 0.024* |
| MEP (cmH2O) | 89.59 ± 29.47 | 106.64 ± 20.34 | −17.05 (−33.95 to −0.15) | 0.048* |
| MEP (%) | 56.99 ± 19.02 | 67.03 ± 12.77 | −10.03 (−20.88 to 0.81) | 0.068 |
Descriptive analyses were expressed using (X ± SD) for normally distributed variables
FEV1 forced expiratory volume in the first second, FVC forced vital capacity, FEV1/FVC forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity, PEF peak expiratory flow, FEF25–25% forced expiratory flow from 25 to 75%, MIP maximal inspiratory pressure, MEP maximal expiratory pressure, cmH2O centimeter water, % percent, CI confidence interval, SD standard deviation
Student’s t test *p < 0.05