Table 3.

Challenge contests, hackathons and online collaboration systems

Method	Definition	Important differences
Contests	Open prize challenges where a call is issued to the public and then contributions are solicited and evaluated	In-person or online Medium term (months) Prizes awarded
Hackathons	Events where a diverse group of individuals are brought together to advance a common goal	Typically in-person Short-term (weeks) Prizes awarded
Online collaboration systems	Online platforms that allow individuals to exchange and share contributions and ideas	Online Permanent Prizes not typically awarded