Table 3.
Number of samples, total sample size, sample types, and resulting adjusted proportion within each ACE group by country
| Samples, n | Sample size, n | Sample type* |
Adjusted prevalence |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 ACEs | 1 ACE | ≥2 ACEs | ||||
| Albania | 1 | 1395 | Students | 48·4% | 20·3% | 31·2% |
| Belgium | 1 | 2618 | Older adults | 69·9% | 23·4% | 6·8% |
| Czech Republic | 2 | 3327 | Students and older adults | 65·6% | 20·4% | 14·0% |
| Denmark | 3 | 985 987 | General† and older adults | 57·0% | 28·9% | 14·1% |
| Finland | 2 | 32 817 | General† | 30·6% | 30·6% | 38·8% |
| France | 1 | 2174 | Older adults | 65·9% | 25·6% | 8·5% |
| Germany | 3 | 5748 | General†, students, and older adults | 51·8% | 22·6% | 25·6% |
| Greece | 1 | 2776 | Older adults | 77·3% | 18·4% | 4·2% |
| Hungary | 1 | 1174 | General† | 75·0% | 12·0% | 12·9% |
| Ireland | 1 | 6408 | General† | 53·2% | 30·8% | 16·1% |
| Italy | 1 | 2399 | Older adults | 66·8% | 24·9% | 8·4% |
| Latvia | 1 | 1003 | Students | 43·1% | 25·9% | 31·0% |
| Lithuania | 1 | 1398 | Students | 64·0% | 19·7% | 16·3% |
| Moldova | 1 | 1351 | Students | 68·9% | 16·8% | 14·3% |
| Montenegro | 1 | 1084 | Students | 72·6% | 16·5% | 11·0% |
| Netherlands | 3 | 12 228 | General† and older adults | 43·8% | 25·8% | 30·4% |
| North Macedonia | 1 | 1200 | Students | 79·6% | 14·3% | 6·1% |
| Norway | 3 | 23 591 | General† and students | 38·0% | 32·4% | 29·6% |
| Poland | 2 | 3446 | Students and older adults | 63·5% | 22·7% | 13·8% |
| Romania | 1 | 1542 | Students | 62·1% | 20·3% | 17·6% |
| Russia | 1 | 1403 | Students | 72·7% | 15·8% | 11·6% |
| Serbia | 1 | 2074 | Students | 73·2% | 16·7% | 10·0% |
| Spain | 2 | 4216 | General† and older adults | 72·8% | 20·2% | 7·0% |
| Sweden | 3 | 1 002 796 | General† and older adults | 75·7% | 17·2% | 7·1% |
| Switzerland | 3 | 7957 | General† and older adults | 38·3% | 29·0% | 32·7% |
| Turkey | 1 | 1763 | Students | 72·1% | 16·5% | 11·3% |
| Ukraine | 2 | 2997 | General† and students | 50·3% | 28·9% | 20·8% |
| UK | 11 | 64 840 | General† and older adults | 53·9% | 23·0% | 23·0% |
| Overall | 55 | 2 181 712 | .. | 62·3% | 22·6% | 15·2% |
Adjusted ACE prevalence levels were calculated from available study data for the purpose of generating country-level population attributable fractions and are provided for information purposes. Figures should not be assumed to be nationally representative and compared between countries because of differences in data collection methods and sample characteristics (appendix p 2). ACE=adverse childhood experience.
Students includes samples recruited from educational institutions. Older adults comprised individuals predominantly older than 50 years.
Including general population samples and those from primary care (n=1, UK) and public sector (n=1, Finland) studies.