Table 4.

Total annual ACE-attributable DALYs and costs calculated for each country

	Population (millions)*	GDP per capita, US$, 2019	ACE-attributable DALYs (thousands)	ACE-attributable costs (US$ billion)	Equivalent % of GDP
Albania	2·9	$5352·9	79·7	$0·4	2·8%
Belgium	11·5	$46 116·7	162·6	$7·5	1·4%
Czech Republic	10·7	$23 101·8	246·5	$5·7	2·3%
Denmark	5·8	$59 822·1	136·0	$8·1	2·3%
Finland	5·5	$48 685·9	225·2	$11·0	4·1%
France	67·1	$40 493·9	939·4	$38·0	1·4%
Germany	83·1	$46 258·9	2796·6	$129·4	3·4%
Greece	10·7	$19 582·5	123·8	$2·4	1·2%
Hungary	9·8	$16 475·7	239·1	$3·9	2·4%
Ireland	4·9	$78 661·0	97·8	$7·7	2·0%
Italy	60·3	$33 189·6	916·2	$30·4	1·5%
Latvia	1·9	$17 836·4	105·0	$1·9	5·5%
Lithuania	2·8	$19 455·5	93·0	$1·8	3·3%
Moldova	2·7	$4498·5	107·6	$0·5	4·0%
Montenegro	0·6	$8832·0	13·0	$0·1	2·1%
Netherlands	17·3	$52 447·8	536·2	$28·1	3·1%
North Macedonia	2·1	$6093·1	31·6	$0·2	1·5%
Norway	5·3	$75 419·6	145·7	$11·0	2·7%
Poland	38·0	$15 595·2	941·5	$14·7	2·5%
Romania	19·4	$12 919·5	660·5	$8·5	3·4%
Russia	144·4	$11 585·0	4312·4	$50·0	2·9%
Serbia	6·9	$7402·4	191·9	$1·4	2·8%
Spain	47·1	$29 613·7	565·9	$16·8	1·2%
Sweden	10·3	$51 610·1	117·9	$6·1	1·1%
Switzerland	8·6	$81 993·7	250·5	$20·5	2·9%
Turkey	83·4	$9042·5	926·5	$8·4	1·1%
Ukraine	44·4	$3659·0	2538·9	$9·3	6·0%
UK	66·8	$42 300·3	1858·7	$78·6	2·8%

Findings should not be assumed as comparable between countries and are affected by the characteristics of contributing studies (appendix p 2). ACE=adverse childhood experience. DALY=disability-adjusted life-year. GDP=gross domestic product (current US$).

^*2019 figures for total population according to World Bank data.