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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Psychiatry. 2020 Jun 16;178(1):48–64. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19070698

FIGURE 1. PANDAS IgG shows elevated binding to mouse striatal cholinergic interneurons.

FIGURE 1.

(A) Illustrative confocal images of immunohistochemical staining of human IgG (green) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT, red). Arrowheads indicate human IgG binding to ChAT-positive neurons (cholinergic interneurons, CINs). Scale bar: 40 μm. (B) Average intensity of IgG binding to CINs was higher after incubation with PANDAS sera than after incubation with control sera (2-tailed independent sample t-test: t[48]=2.654, p=0.011). This was true in separate analyses of each of the three cohorts of patients (cohort 1: t[8]=2.810, p=0.023; cohort 2: t[10]=2.785, p=0.019; cohort 3: t[26]=1.958, p=0.061). (C) Mean intensity of ChAT immunofluorescence did not differ between both groups (t[48]=0.067, p>0.9). (D and E) Serum IgG binding to several other neuron types did not significantly differ between PANDAS and control groups: (D) parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons (t[48]=1.747, p=0.087); (E) ChAT positive neurons in the medial septum (t[48]=1.717, p=0.093). *p<0.05; N=27 for PANDAS group and N=23 for control group. ●, ◯ – 10 serum from the first cohort (47); ▲, △ – 12 sera from the second cohort; ■, □ – 28 sera from the third cohort.