Table 13. Non-Ni Based Catalysts Reported in the Literature for Biomass Pyrolysis and In-line Steam Reforming.
| Catalyst | Feed | Preparation methodb | Reactor configuration | Operating conditionsd | H2 conc. (vol %) | H2 prod. (wt %) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10Co/Al2O3 | pinewood sawdust | wi | spouted/fluidized (0.75 g min–1) | TP = 500 °C | 39.1 | 2.3 | Santamaria et al.199 |
| TR = 600 °C | |||||||
| S/C = 7.7 | |||||||
| 12Co/Al2O3 | cedar wood | iwi | dual fixed (0.06 g min–1) | T = 550–650 °C | 58.1 | 8.0 | Li et al.86 |
| S/C = 0.47 | |||||||
| 12Co/ZrO2 | cedar wood | iwi | dual fixed (0.06 g min–1) | T = 550–650 °C | 49.0 | 5.3 | Li et al.86 |
| S/C = 0.47 | |||||||
| 12Co/SiO2 | cedar wood | iwi | dual fixed (0.06 g min–1) | T = 550–650 °C | 43.3 | 4.2 | Li et al.86 |
| S/C = 0.47 | |||||||
| 12Co/MgO | cedar wood | iwi | dual fixed (0.06 g min–1) | T = 550–650 °C | 44.4 | 4.6 | Li et al.86 |
| S/C = 0.47 | |||||||
| 12Co/TiO2 | cedar wood | iwi | dual fixed (0.06 g min–1) | T = 550–650 °C | 23.9 | 1.6 | Li et al.86 |
| S/C = 0.47 | |||||||
| CaO/MgO | sugar cane leaves | wm | fixed/fixed (0.12 g) | TP = 400–800 °C | 4.3 | Bunma and Kuchonthara200 | |
| TR = 600–800 °C | |||||||
| 12Co/BaAl12O19 | cedar wood | iwi | dual fixed (0.06 g min–1) | T = 550–650 °C | 59.1 | 8.5 | Li et al.86 |
| S/C = 0.47 | |||||||
| Rh/CeO2-SiO2 | cedar wood | iwi | fluidized/fluidized (0.15 g min–1) | T = 650 °C | 44.6 | 4.7 | Tomishige et al.96 |
| Pt/CeO2-SiO2 | cedar wood | iwi | fluidized/fluidized (0.15 g min–1) | T = 650 °C | 42.2 | 4.2 | Tomishige et al.96 |
| Pd/CeO2-SiO2 | cedar wood | iwi | fluidized/fluidized (0.15 g min–1) | T = 650 °C | 40.5 | 3.8 | Tomishige et al.96 |
| Ru/CeO2-SiO2 | cedar wood | iwi | fluidized/fluidized (0.15 g min–1) | T = 650 °C | 18.9 | 1.0 | Tomishige et al.96 |
| 2.5Fe/CSa | apple branch | wi | fixed/fixed (0.6 g) | T = 650 °C | 50.3 | 3.7c | Guan et al.183 |
| 0.5Fe/zeolite | seaweed | iwi | fixed/fixed (0.6 g) | T = 510–660 °C | 48.6 | 4.1 | Kaewpanha et al.184 |
| Fe/ZnO-Al2O3 | wood sawdust | cp | fixed/fixed (0.5 g) | TP = 500 °C | 41.0 | 1.9 | Chen et al.81 |
| TR = 800 °C | |||||||
| 0.5Rh/zeolite | seaweed | iwi | fixed/fixed (0.6 g) | T = 510–660 °C | 52.8 | 5.3 | Kaewpanha et al.184 |
CS, calcined scallop shell.
iwi, Incipient wetness impregnation; wi, wet impregnation; wm, wet mixing; cp, co-precipitation.
H2 production defined as g H2/100 g biomass, daf (dry and ash free).
TP = Pyrolysis temperature; TR = reforming temperature.