Table 4. Ni/Al₂O₃ Catalysts Reported in the Literature for the Pyrolysis and In-line Steam Reforming of Biomass.

Catalyst	Feed	Preparation methoda	Reactor configuration	Operating conditionsc	H2 conc. (vol %)	H2 prod. (wt %)	Ref.
20Ni/Al2O3	pine wood	commercial	fluidized/fixed (1–2 g min–1)	TP = 530–700 °C	60.0	7.2b	Xiao et al.61
				TR = 550–710 °C
20Ni/Al2O3	pig manure compost	commercial	fluidized/fixed (1–2 g min–1)	TP = 530–700 °C	56.2	5.0b	Xiao et al.61
				TR = 550–710 °C
11Ni/Al2O3	pine wood sawdust	commercial (G90 LDP)	spouted/fluidized (0.75 g min–1)	TP = 500 °C	66.0	11.2	Arregi et al.50
				TR = 550–700 °C
				S/C = 7.7
11Ni/Al2O3	pine wood sawdust	commercial (G90 LDP)	spouted/fixed (0.75 g min–1)	TP = 500 °C	64.5	10.5	Fernandez et al.98
				TR = 600 °C
				S/C = 7.7
10Ni/Al2O3	wood sawdust	commercial	fixed/fixed (1 g)	TP = 300–600 °C	38.1	2.2	Olaleye et al.158
				TR = 800 °C
20Ni/Al2O3	sewage sludge	commercial	fixed/fixed	TP = 900 °C	70.0	11.6b	Cao et al.156
				TR = 400–750 °C
20Ni/Al2O3	Japanese cypress	commercial	fixed/fixed (1 g)	T = 450 °C	35.2	5.0b	Kannari et al.159
12Ni/Al2O3	cedar wood	iwi	dual fixed bed (0.06 g min–1)	T = 550–650 °C	60.1	8.3	Miyazawa et al.89
				S/C = 0.5
20Ni/Al2O3	wood pellets	iwi	screw-kiln/fixed (4 g min–1)	TP = 500 °C	44.4	2.4	Efika et al.102
				TR = 760 °C
10Ni/Al2O3	pine wood sawdust	wi	spouted bed/fluidized (0.75 g min–1)	TP = 500 °C	64.2	10.2	Santamaria et al.51,100
				TR = 600 °C
				S/C = 7.7
3Ni/Al2O3	pine sawdust	wi	entrained-flow/fixed (4 g min–1)	TP = 900 °C	49.3	6.1	Liu et al.160
				TR = 800 °C
15Ni/Al2O3	cellulose	wi	fixed/fixed (1.5 g)	TP = –		5.9	Zou et al.161
				TR = 800 °C
10Ni/Al2O3	rice husk	iwi	fixed/fixed (2 g)	TP = 550 °C	57.6	3.7	Akubo et al.157
				TR = 750 °C
10Ni/Al2O3	coconut shell	iwi	fixed/fixed (2 g)	TP = 550 °C	58.2	4.4	Akubo et al.157
				TR = 750 °C
10Ni/Al2O3	sugar cane	iwi	fixed/fixed (2 g)	TP = 550 °C	59.2	4.6	Akubo et al.157
				TR = 750 °C
10Ni/Al2O3	palm kernel shell	iwi	fixed/fixed (2 g)	TP = 550 °C	57.4	5.1	Akubo et al.157
				TR = 750 °C
10Ni/Al2O3	cotton stalk	iwi	fixed/fixed (2 g)	TP = 550 °C	58.0	4.1	Akubo et al.157
				TR = 750 °C
10Ni/Al2O3	wheat straw	iwi	fixed/fixed (2 g)	TP = 550 °C	54.1	3.3	Akubo et al.157
				TR = 750 °C
9Ni/Al2O3	rice husk	wi	drop-tube fixed bed (120 mg)	T = 800 °C	32.8	1.2	Kuchonthara et al.103
10Ni/Al2O3	pine wood	wi	fixed/nonthermal plasma (1 g)	TP = 600 °C		0.8	Blanquet et al.162
				TR = 250 °C
				steam = 2 g h–1

^aiwi, Incipient wetness impregnation; wi, wetness impregnation.

^bH₂ production defined as g_H2/100 g_{biomass, daf} (dry and ash free).

^cT_P = pyrolysis temperature; T_R = reforming temperature.