Table 8. Other Ni/Supported Catalysts Reported in the Literature for Biomass Pyrolysis and In-line Steam Reforming.
| Catalyst | Feed | Preparation methodb | Reactor configuration | Operating conditionsd | H2 conc. (vol %) | H2 prod. (wt %) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19.2Ni/BCCa | red pine wood | i.e | fluidized/fixed (1–2 g min–1) | TP = 530–700 °C | 60.0 | 9.3c | Xiao et al.61 |
| TR = 550–710 °C | |||||||
| 19.2Ni/BCCa | PCa | i.e | fluidized/fixed (1–2 g min–1) | TP = 530–700 °C | 43.9 | 5.0c | Xiao et al.61 |
| TR = 550–710 °C | |||||||
| 3Ni/MSa | pine sawdust | wi | entrained-flow reactor/fixed (4 g min–1) | TP = 900 °C | 52.6 | 6.9 | Liu et al.160 |
| TR = 800 °C | |||||||
| 3Ni/SSa | pine sawdust | wi | entrained-flow reactor/fixed (4 g min–1) | TP = 900 °C | 41.5 | 4.4 | Liu et al.160 |
| TR = 800 °C | |||||||
| 3Ni/BFSa | pine sawdust | wi | entrained-flow reactor/fixed (4 g min–1) | TP = 900 °C | 41.4 | 4.2 | Liu et al.160 |
| TR = 800 °C | |||||||
| 0.88Ni/Char | mallee | i.e | fluidized/fixed (0.1 g min–1) | TR = 500–850 °C | Min et al.182 | ||
| 15.6Ni/HSLa | corncob | i.e | fixed/fixed (1 g) | TP = 900 °C | 70.0 | 10.0c | Ren et al.175 |
| TR = 500–700 °C | |||||||
| 20Ni/CDa | Japanese cypress | wi | fixed/fixed (1 g) | T = 450 °C | 35.9 | Kannari et al.159 | |
| 20Ni/CDAa | Japanese cypress | wi | fixed/fixed (1 g) | T = 450 °C | 38.7 | 5.8c | Kannari et al.159 |
| 10Ni/dolomite | rice husk | wi | fixed/fixed (4 g) | TP = 950 °C | 65.2 | 6.1 | Waheed et al.179 |
| TR = 850–1050 °C | |||||||
| S/B = 0.46–2.28 | |||||||
| 10Ni/dolomite | rice husk | wi | fixed/fixed (4 g) | TP = 950 °C | 59.1 | 5.1 | Waheed and Williams180 |
| TR = 950 °C | |||||||
| S/B = 1.37 | |||||||
| 10Ni/dolomite | sugar cane bagasse | wi | fixed/fixed (4 g) | TP = 950 °C | 57.0 | 5.1 | Waheed and Williams180 |
| TR = 950 °C | |||||||
| S/B = 1.37 | |||||||
| 10Ni/dolomite | wheat straw | wi | fixed/fixed (4 g) | TP = 950 °C | 58.2 | 4.9 | Waheed and Williams180 |
| TR = 950 °C | |||||||
| S/B = 1.37 | |||||||
| 15Ni/WCa | wheat straw | wi | fixed/fixed (1 g) | TP = 500 °C | 62.0 | 4.2 | Yao et al.173 |
| TR = 600–900 °C | |||||||
| 15Ni/RCa | wheat straw | wi | fixed/fixed (1 g) | TP = 500 °C | 48.0 | 3.0 | Yao et al.173 |
| TR = 600–900 °C | |||||||
| 15Ni/CCa | wheat straw | wi | fixed/fixed (1 g) | TP = 500 °C | 64.0 | 9.2 | Yao et al.173 |
| TR = 600–900 °C | |||||||
| 5-20Ni/ACa | wheat straw | wi | fixed/fixed (1 g) | TP = 500 °C | 50.0 | 4.0 | Yao et al.173 |
| TR = 600–900 °C | |||||||
| 2.5Ni/CSa | apple branch | wi | fixed/fixed (0.6 g) | T = 650 °C | 55.0 | 3.9c | Guan et al.183 |
| 0.5Ni/zeolite | seaweed | iwi | fixed/fixed (0.6 g) | T = 510–660 °C | 52.5 | 4.9 | Kaewpanha et al.184 |
| Ni/RHAa | rice husk | iwi | fixed/fixed (10 g) | TP = 800 °C | 28.8 | 5.3 | Shen et al.185 |
| TR = 600–900 °C | |||||||
| Ni/Hidrochar (0.1–1 M) | sewage sludge | HTC | fixed/fixed (1 g) | TP = 600 °C | 62.0 | 10.9 | Gai et al.181 |
| TR = 500–900 °C | |||||||
| GHSV = 3700 h–1 (2nd stage) |
BCC, Brown coal char; MS, magnesium slag; SS, steel slag; BFS, blast furnace slag; HSL, HCl treatment Shengli lignite; CD, chicken dropping; CDA, chicken dropping ash; WC, biochar from wheat straw; RC, biochar from rice husk; CC, biochar from cotton stalk; AC, active carbon; CS, calcined scallop shell; RHA, rice husk ash.
iwi, Incipient wetness impregnation; wi, wet impregnation; ie, ion- exchange; HTC, hydrothermal carbonization.
H2 production defined as gH2/100 gbiomass, daf (dry and ash free).
TP = Pyrolysis temperature; TR = reforming temperature.