Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| t2DM (n = 30) | non-t2DM (n = 30) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y–o) | 56.7 (49.2, 64.2) | 42.2 (30.7, 50.5) | 0.01 |
| Age > 65 years | 6 (20.0%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0.01 |
| Male | 15 (50.0%) | 10 (33.3%) | 0.1 |
| Weight (kg) | 67.8 (54.3, 77.1) | 70.5 (58.7, 84.2) | 0.59 |
| Height (cm) | 158.0 (150.0, 168.2) | 161.6 (153.0, 168.5) | 0.37 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.7 (23.7, 28.5) | 26.7 (23.3, 29.0) | 0.9 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 0 (0) | 2 (6.7%) | 0.39 |
| Dyslipidemia | 11 (36.7%) | 16 (53.3%) | 0.20 |
| Blood chemistry | |||
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 175.8 (150.5, 204.7) | 175.1 (141.7, 203.7) | 0.9 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 146.9 (94.0, 153.0) | 147.2 (94.0, 189.0) | 0.9 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.3 (6.4, 9.6) | N. A | 0.01 |
| Smoking history | 13 (43.3%) | 10 (33.3%) | 0.41 |
| Time from t2DM onset (years) | 10.9 (5.0, 15.0) | N. A | 0.01 |
| T2DM related vascular complications | |||
| None | 23 (76.7%) | N. A | 0.01 |
| Retinopathy | 1 (3.3%) | ||
| Neuropathy | 2 (6.7%) | ||
| Combined | 4 (13.3%) | ||
| T2DM drug therapy | |||
| MET | 3 (10.0%) | N. A | 0.01 |
| Insulin | 2 (6.7%) | ||
| Insulin + MET | 9 (30.0%) | ||
| Insulin + MET + other* | 7 (23.3%) | ||
| MET + other* | 7 (23.3%) | ||
| Insulin + other* | 2 (6.7%) | ||
| Renal function | |||
| Serum creatinine | 0.76 (0.67, 0.83) | 0.75 (0.67, 0.81) | 0.76 |
| GFR (mL/min) | 99.3 (74.6, 120.1) | 118.06 (84.75, 146.65) | 0.06 |
| Transferrinuria (mg/ml) | 14.4 (0.7, 28.8) | 18.7 (12.7, 25.3) | 0.04 |
| Transferrinemia (mg/ml) | 2.7 (0.2, 17.0) | 2.3 (0.3, 2.2) | 0.27 |
| Transferrinuria/transferrinemia Index | 74.2 (0.0, 126.4) | 49.5 (5.1, 68.7) | 0.01 |
| Endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis | |||
| FMD value (%) | 9.9 (3.2, 16.0) | 19.5 (10.9, 26.2) | 0.01 |
| CIMT value (mm) | 1.19 (0.9, 1.3) | 0.66 (0.5, 0.8) | 0.01 |
| ABI value | 1.25 (1.14, 1.35) | 1.19 (1.12, 1.26) | 0.14 |
Values shown were tested for parametric distribution. Data is described as number and percentage as follows n (%), as well as median and interquartile range n (q25, q75) depending on the distribution of variables
BMI Body mass index, MET Metformin, FMD Flow mediated dilation measured by ultrasound, CIMT Carotid medial thickness measured by ultrasound, ABI Ankle brachial index, T2DM Type 2 diabetes, GFR Glomerular filtration rate measured by Cockcroft-Gault equation
*The drug therapy included under the classification of “other” includes SLGT-2 and DPP-4 Inhibitors. Values highlighted in bold represent statistical significance