Fig. 4.

Starvation-Induced Metabolic Reprogramming Promoted the Progression of BLCA by LDHA. a Cell proliferation abilities in T24 cells with normal, starvation only, starvation supplemented with CQ and starvation supplemented with 2-DG treatment were assessed by CCK-8 assay and colony forming assay (n = 3, Mann–Whitney test, P* < 0.05). b Cell migration abilities in different groups of T24 cells were measured by Transwell and wound healing assays. c Real-time qPCR and western blot analysis of the transcription and translation expression levels of LDHA in T24 cells after transfection with siRNAs. β-Actin was chosen as the loading control (n = 3, unpaired Student’s t test, P* < 0.05, P** < 0.01). d Glucose consumption and the lactate production ratio in T24 cells were measured in different groups, including normal, starvation only, T24 cells transfected with different siRNA sequences then cultured in HBSS and homogenized by cell counting 10⁴ cells. e and f Cell proliferation abilities in T24 cells in different groups determined by CCK-8 assay and colony-forming assay. g The viability of T24 cells was measured after processing with graded concentrations of cisplatin for 48 h, and the cells were divided into different groups. h Cell migration abilities in different groups of T24 cells were measured by Transwell assay