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. 2021 Feb 23;6(1):e00985-20. doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00985-20

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Copyright © 2021 Shi et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

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FIG 5 — Supplementation with metformin or FOS restores Akkermansia abundance and AHR ligands and increases the number of goblet cells of sucralose-treated mice. (A) Representative periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stains of colons. Scale bars, 100 μm. (B) Genus Akkermansia abundance in control, sucralose, sucralose/metformin, and sucralose/FOS treatment groups. (C) Numbers of colonic goblet cells. (D) Spearman correlation of Akkermansia (AKK) abundance and the number of colonic goblet cells. (E) Hepatic and colonic AHR protein levels and AHR activity. (F to I) Concentrations of AHR ligands from fecal, serum, colonic, and liver samples, respectively. Data are means ± SD (n = 10 per group). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.