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. 2015 Mar 25;86(1):1–8. doi: 10.4102/jsava.v86i1.1198

TABLE 4.

Mean haematology values for the present study and previously published African penguin studies.

Variable The present study Mazzaro et al. (2013) Teare (2013) Graczyk et al. (1994) Hawkey & Samour (1988) Stoskopf et al. (1980)
Sample size 108 21 1048–2884 143 12–42 94
Individuals Healthy adults (breeding season) 15 adults (outside of molting season) 423–788 healthy adults and juveniles 11 juveniles (non-parasitemic) Healthy adults 41 adults and juveniles
Area South African breeding colonies Mystic Aquarium 37 captive institutions Baltimore Zoo England and Scotland zoos Baltimore Zoo
Haematocrit 46 46 45 43 44 46
Haemoglobin 18.4 - 12.5 14.0 16.8 15.4
Red cell count 1.82 1.70 1.83 2.10 1.74 1.57
Mean corpuscular volume 251 - 238 210 254 -
Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration 40 - 29 34 38 33
White cell count 17.7 21.1 15.3 16.0 9.3 11.6

Standard International (SI) units used.

Note: Please see the full reference list of the article, Parsons, N.J., Schaefer, A.M., Van der Spuy, S.D. & Gous, T.A., 2015, ‘Establishment of baseline haematology and biochemistry parameters in wild adult African penguins (Spheniscus demersus)’, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 86(1), Art. #1198, 8 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v86i1.1198, for more information.