Table 3.
Parameter estimates of cotton land model for different regions
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Region-1 | Region-2 | Region-3 | Region-4 | Region-5 | |
| Cotton land (t-1) | 0.3894*** | 0.5900*** | 0.4012*** | 0.7734*** | 0.1882*** |
| (0.0935) | (0.0399) | (0.0520) | (0.0297) | (0.0451) | |
| Other land (t-1) | 0.1616 | 0.5932*** | 0.4018*** | 0.9774*** | 0.2789*** |
| (0.1495) | (0.0787) | (0.0788) | (0.2030) | (0.0405) | |
| Cotton support (t) | 0.0041 | 0.0019 | 0.0028 | 0.0019** | -0.0003 |
| (0.0036) | (0.0030) | (0.0019) | (0.0008) | (0.0010) | |
| Plot number (t) | − 0.1374* | − 0.5441*** | − 0.5789*** | − 1.6682*** | − 0.1613*** |
| (0.0831) | (0.1129) | (0.1723) | (0.4978) | (0.0608) | |
| Cotton price (t-1) | 2.1562*** | 1.1808*** | 1.9636*** | 1.1816** | 1.2461*** |
| (0.6206) | (0.3736) | (0.2840) | (0.4623) | (0.1793) | |
| Fuel oil price (t-1) | − 6.2345*** | − 1.9935 | − 3.7621*** | − 0.8224 | − 2.0613*** |
| (1.9750) | (1.2799) | (1.0358) | (1.1032) | (0.6259) | |
| Tenant (t) | 2.5509*** | 3.2419*** | 4.9774*** | 3.7272*** | 2.9664*** |
| (0.3883) | (0.3176) | (0.4487) | (0.4989) | (0.4077) | |
| Farmer’s Age (t) | 1.1416*** | 0.3087 | 0.8599*** | − 0.0503 | 0.0245 |
| (0.4375) | (0.3351) | (0.2320) | (0.1647) | (0.0901) | |
| Year 2011 | 0.3030 | 0.5680 | 1.3865*** | 0.5598*** | 0.7879*** |
| (0.5100) | (0.3802) | (0.0799) | (0.1605) | (0.1224) | |
| Constant | −37.0340** | −11.9469 | −33.4280*** | −0.2108 | 8.6702*** |
| (14.6912) | (7.9718) | (6.9472) | (5.8344) | (2.7621) | |
| Arellano/Bond Test | |||||
| m1 | −7.4104 [0.0000] | −10.2508 [0.0000] | −10.5931 [0.0000] | −5.6526 [0.0000] | −10.0024 [0.0000] |
| m2 | 1.7960 [0.0725] | 0.5829 [0.5600] | -0.0517 [0.9587] | -0.4750 [0.6348] | 3.0925 [0.0020] |
| Sargan/Hansen Test | |||||
| χ2 | 61.6474 | 63.8942 | 110.9410 | 26.0599 | 115.3797 |
| [0.0000] | [0.0000] | [0.0000] | [0.2825] | [0.0000] | |
| Number of instruments | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Observations | 11,497 | 12,396 | 17,841 | 10,564 | 8,314 |
We estimated these parameters using a dynamic panel model, a two-step generalized moments approach and considered land and support variables as endogenous. Robust standard errors were given in the parenthesis. Stars represent the significance levels: *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1. Arellano/Bond is the autocorrelation test, m1 is first order, m2 is second order, Sargan/Hansen test is the overidentification restriction, χ2 Chi-square. In the test section of the table, the numbers in the brackets show the p values