Table 3.

Features of major surgical procedures in Japan

Surgical procedures	Percentage of excess weight loss 3/5 years after surgery	Advantages	Complications cautions
Sleeve gastrectomy	68/66	Metabolic effects High safety due to no anastomosis Fewer early reoperations	Reflux esophagitis Gastric tube stenosis Refractory anastomotic leakage
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass	81/78	Metabolic effects are higher than LSG Effective for GERD	Suture failure is about 4% Anastomotic stenosis and ulcer Internal hernia Small bowel obstruction Micronutrient deficiency
Sleeve gastrectomy with duodenojejunal bypass	86/80	Metabolic effects are higher than LSG Preservation of pyloric ring and gastric motility Avoidance of dumping symptoms	Reflux esophagitis Gastric tube stenosis Limited number of facilities Surgical difficulty is high