Table 2 ∣.
Plasma biomarkers for HFpEF
| Pathway | Biomarker | References |
|---|---|---|
| Inflammation | PAI-1, uPAR GDF-15 Pentraxin-3 vWF IL-1, IL-6, IL-16, IL-8 Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor Platelet Growth Factor sTNFR1, sTNFR2, TRAIL-R2, TNF-alpha MCP-1 C-reactive protein PTX-3 CCL20 AGRP |
29, 35, 285, 286, 287, 288
|
| Remodeling/Fibrosis | sST2 Galectin-3 PIIINP ICTP Fibrinogen MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-4 |
35, 286, 289 |
| Renal function | UACR BUN Cystatin-C |
285, 290 |
| Hypertrophy | Natriuretic peptides, BNP, NT-pro BNP Endothelin 1 High Sensitivity Troponin I, C, or T Renin, Aldosterone/angiotensin II FGF-23, FGF-21 NEMO TIE2 |
35, 285, 286, 291 , 292
|
| Vascular | FABP4 YKL40 OPG MPO Fas P-Selectin Tenascin-C Endostatin |
35 |
PAI; Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, uPAR; urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, GDF-15; Growth differentiation factor-15, vWF; von Willebrand factor, IL; Interleukin, EGF; Epidermal growth factor, sTNFR; soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors, TRAIL-R2; TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor, TNF; Tumor necrosis factor, MCP; Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, PTX; pentraxin 3, CCL20; C–C motif chemokine 20, AGRP; Agouti-related protein, sST2; soluble suppression of tumorigenecity 2, PIIINP; procollagen type III N-terminal propeptide, ICTP; collagen type I carboxy-terminal telopeptide, MMP; Matrix metalloproteinases , TIMP; Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, UACR; urine albumin-to- creatinine ratio, BUN; blood urea nitrogen, BNP; Brian natriuretic peptide, ET1; Endothelin1, hs-TnC; high-sensitivity cardiac troponin, FGF; Fibroblast growth factor, NF-κ-B; nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, NEMO; NF-κB essential modulator, TIE2; angiopoietin receptor TEK tyrosine kinase, FABP; fatty-acid-binding protein , YKL40; Chitinase 3-like 1, OPG; Osteoprotegerin, MPO; Myeloperoxidase