Table 5.
Personality and Cognitive Resilience, Moderated by Cognitive Activity and Education
| Cognitive activity model | Education model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate (SE) | 95% CI | Estimate (SE) | 95% CI | |
| Neuroticism | −0.09 (0.04) | −0.16, −0.02 | −0.11 (0.03) | −0.17, −0.05 |
| Cognitive activities a | 0.12 (0.04) | 0.03, 0.2 | NA | NA |
| Education | 0.06 (0.06) | −0.06, 0.17 | 0.01 (0.03) | −0.05, 0.07 |
| Cognitive activity × Neuroticism | 0.06 (0.04) | −0.01, 0.13 | NA | NA |
| Education × Neuroticism | NA | NA | −0.02 (0.03) | −0.08, 0.04 |
| Extraversion | 0.02 (0.04) | −0.05, 0.09 | 0.04 (0.03) | −0.01, 0.10 |
| Cognitive activities a | 0.15 (0.04) | 0.08, 0.22 | NA | NA |
| Education | 0.07 (0.05) | −0.03, 0.18 | 0.03 (0.03) | −0.03, 0.08 |
| Cognitive activity × Extraversion | 0.01 (0.03) | −0.05, 0.08 | NA | NA |
| Education × Extraversion | NA | NA | 0.01 (0.03) | −0.05, 0.07 |
| Conscientiousness | 0.02 (0.05) | −0.08, 0.11 | 0.03 (0.04) | −0.04, 0.10 |
| Cognitive activities a | 0.11 (0.06) | −0.01, 0.23 | NA | NA |
| Education | 0.15 (0.07) | 0.01, 0.3 | 0.02 (0.04) | −0.05, 0.09 |
| Cognitive activity × Conscientiousness | −0.04 (0.06) | −0.15, 0.07 | NA | NA |
| Education × Conscientiousness | NA | NA | 0.06 (0.03) | −0.01, 0.13 |
| Openness b | 0.08 (0.05) | −0.03, 0.18 | ||
| Education | 0.07 (0.05) | −0.03, 0.17 | ||
| Openness × Education | −0.04 (0.05) | −0.14, 0.05 | ||
| Agreeableness b | 0.08 (0.05) | −0.03, 0.18 | ||
| Education | 0.07 (0.05) | −0.03, 017 | ||
| Agreeableness × Education | −0.07 (0.05) | −0.16, 0.03 | ||
Notes: Cognitive activity model = includes cognitive activities and moderation effect of Cognitive activities × Trait, adjusted for age, gender, race, socioeconomic status (SES), education, APOE, and comorbidities. Education model = includes education and moderation effect of Education × Trait, adjusted for age, gender, race, SES, APOE, and comorbidities.
aEducation model was not adjusted for cognitive activities, as this variable was not available for ROS subjects. bOpenness and agreeableness were only assessed in Religious Orders Study (ROS) subjects.