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. 2021 Oct 23;13(10):748–759. doi: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab067

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Leukocytes express negative immunomodulatory molecules and ID1 at high levels in RTP patients. (A) Scheme showing the protocol for isolation of PBMCs from healthy controls (n = 10), convalescent patients (n = 6), and RTP patients (n = 10) with COVID-19. Human samples from each group were randomly selected. RNA sequencing was done using Seq-Well. (B) The top 500 genes with differential expression (>2-fold) in RTP patients compared with that in convalescent patients and healthy controls were selected for heatmap analyses. Each column depicts one sample. (C) Enrichment analyses of DEGs were done (using the GO database) to evaluate enriched biological processes between RTP patients and healthy controls. Enrichment of regulation of lymphocyte activation-related biological processes was found. (D) Enrichment analyses (using the GO database) of the negative regulation of immune-system processes between RTP patients and convalescent patients. Enrichment of regulation of lymphocyte activation-related biological processes was found. (E) Heatmap showing the normalized expression of negative immunomodulatory genes in RTP patients compared with that in convalescent patients and healthy controls.