Table IV.
Within-Person Effects from Multilevel Models Predicting Daily Emotional Health from Daily Positive and Negative Impacts
| Model | Predictors | Dependent variable |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PA | NA | Anxiety | Depression | ||
| Negative impacts | An event or activity I was looking forward to was canceled | .08 (.03)* | −.01 (.03) | .01 (.04) | −.01 (.03) |
| Not being able to go to school | .04 (.04) | −.06 (.04) | .00 (.04) | −.01 (.04) | |
| Worried about my academic future (i.e., falling behind, AP classes, college admissions) | −.06 (.04) | .01 (.04) | −.01 (.04) | −.04 (.04) | |
| Worried about my finances or employment | .04 (.04) | −.04 (.04) | −.01 (.04) | .02 (.04) | |
| Worried about my family’s finances or employment | .01 (.03) | .06 (.04) | .05 (.04) | .04 (.04) | |
| Difficulties with online schooling (i.e., trouble learning or concentrating) | .02 (.04) | .12 (.04)* | .10 (.04)* | .12 (.04)* | |
| Not enough to do while stuck at home | .02 (.04) | −.03 (.04) | .02 (.04) | .00 (.04) | |
| Not seeing friends in person | −.11 (.04)* | .00 (.04) | −.03 (.04) | .03 (.04) | |
| Increased fighting or irritation with family members | −.06 (.04) | .12 (.04)* | .05 (.04) | .06 (.04) | |
| Do not have access to things that I need (i.e., food, products) | −.08 (.04)* | .00 (.04) | −.05 (.04) | −.04 (.04) | |
| Not enough privacy or space in my house | −.01 (.04) | .11 (.04)* | .07 (.04) | .09 (.04)* | |
| Worrying about catching the virus or someone I love catching the virus | −.01 (.04) | −.03 (.04) | .06 (.04) | .02 (.04) | |
| I or someone I love already has the virus | .06 (.04) | .00 (.04) | −.03 (.04) | −.04 (.04) | |
| Worried about the effects of the virus on the world | .05 (.04) | −.02 (.04) | .01 (.04) | −.05 (.04) | |
| Not being able to go to stores, the gym, or other places (text box for where) | .05 (.04) | .00 (.04) | −.03 (.04) | −.04 (.04) | |
| Increased stress or disorientation from not having a schedule | −.05 (.04)* | .08 (.04)* | .10 (.04)* | .13 (.04)* | |
| Increased responsibility around the house (i.e., cleaning, caring for siblings) | .08 (.04)* | .05 (.04) | −.01 (.04) | .03 (.03) | |
| Positive impacts | Reduced amount of schoolwork or no schoolwork | .05 (.04) | .00 (.04) | −.02 (.04) | −.01 (.04) |
| Less stress/pressure from school and activities | −.01 (.04) | −.08 (.04)* | −.03 (.04) | −.07 (.04) | |
| More time to relax | −.02 (.04) | −.19 (.04)* | −.14 (.04)* | −.09 (.04)* | |
| Getting to do things I do not usually have time for (i.e., art, music, writing, cooking) | .06 (.04) | −.02 (.04) | .00 (.04) | −.05 (.04) | |
| Getting more recreational time on the phone/computer (texting, social media) | .01 (.04) | .00 (.04) | .06 (.05) | .08 (.05) | |
| Getting to watch more TV/movies | −.05 (.04) | .08 (.04) | .02 (.05) | .04 (.04) | |
| More time to exercise or go outside | .06 (.04) | −.05 (.04) | −.07 (.04) | −.11 (0.4)* | |
| Getting more sleep | −.00 (.04) | .07 (.04) | −.05 (.04) | −.01 (.04) | |
| Spend more time with family | .14 (.04)* | −.09 (.05)* | −.04 (.05) | −.02 (.04) | |
| Spend more time with my pet(s) | −.03 (.05) | −.01 (.05) | .04 (.04) | −.04 (.04) | |
| Not having to have unwanted interactions with other kids at school | −.04 (.04) | .08 (.04)* | .07 (.04) | .01 (.04) | |
| Feeling like I have more control in creating my own schedule | .03 (.04) | −.11 (.04)* | −.04 (.04) | −.02 (.04) | |
Note. AP = advanced placement; NA = negative affect; PA = positive affect. All estimates are standardized; standard deviations are in parentheses.
*
p < .05 based on 95% credibility intervals that do not include zero (exact p-values for two-tailed significance tests are not available with Bayes estimation in Mplus).