TABLE 2.
Clinical correlates of change in sACE2 during a diet intervention1
| ΔsACE2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| β ± SE | P value | Partial R2 | |
| Full DIETFITS cohort (n = 457) | |||
| Baseline correlates | |||
| sACE2 | −56.3 ± 4.2 | <0.0001 | 27.1% |
| Female sex | −29.3 ± 8.3 | 0.0005 | 2.2% |
| Low-carbohydrate diet (vs. low-fat) | −21.8 ± 7.8 | 0.0053 | 0.87% |
| HOMA-IR | 10.8 ± 4.6 | 0.018 | 0.67% |
| LDL cholesterol | 9.4 ± 3.7 | 0.011 | 0.74% |
| Change during intervention | |||
| ΔHOMA-IR | 19.1 ± 4.6 | <0.0001 | 1.7% |
| ΔTriglycerides | 17.7 ± 4.0 | <0.0001 | 5.9% |
| ΔHDL cholesterol | 14.0 ± 3.8 | 0.0003 | 1.4% |
| DIETFITS subsample with DXA measurements available (n = 352) | |||
| Baseline correlates | |||
| sACE2 | −31.1 ± 3.3 | <0.0001 | 33.4% |
| Female sex | −47.6 ± 9.2 | <0.0001 | 3.0% |
| LDL cholesterol | 10.3 ± 4.2 | 0.013 | 0.94% |
| Change during intervention | |||
| ΔHOMA-IR | 23.1 ± 6.6 | 0.0010 | 2.3% |
| ΔTriglycerides | 30.1 ± 9.0 | 0.0006 | 4.8% |
| ΔHDL cholesterol | 17.1 ± 4.1 | <0.0001 | 2.6% |
| ΔFat mass | 10.6 ± 4.5 | 0.019 | 1.2% |
1Values were standardized partial regression coefficients ± SEs standardized for the distribution of both the predictor and sACE2 retrieved from bidirectional stepwise regression. Covariables considered were age, sex, race, diet (low-carbohydrate compared with low-fat diet), body height and weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, regular alcohol consumption, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and, if available, BMC mass, fat mass, and lean mass (as assessed by DXA) as well as longitudinal changes in these variables and sex interaction terms. Total adjusted R2 = 39.9% (full DIETFITS cohort) and 44.4% (DIETFITS subsample with DXA). None of the sex interaction terms were selected for the final stepwise regression models (P > 0.05 for all). DIETFITS, Diet Intervention Examining the Factors Interacting with Treatment Success; sACE2, soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2.